The first step in the federal budget development process is the president’s budget request. This process starts when the president submits a detailed budget request for the upcoming fiscal year beginning October 1 and is supposed to be submitted by the first Monday in February. The president’s budget request is developed through an iterative process between the government agencies and the president’s office of management of budgets starting from the previous spring or earlier. This budget request plays crucial roles; it allows the congress to obtain the president’s recommendations for the overall federal fiscal policy. Another role is that it lays out the president’s priorities for the federal programs (Haeder &Yackee, 2015).
The second step in the federal budget development process is the congressional budget resolution. In this step, the congress holds hearings to question the administration officials about their requests and develop its own budget plan referred to as budget resolution. Consequently, budget resolution process is done by the house and senate committees whose role is to draft and enforce budget resolution. This process does not require the president’s signature since it is a congregational resolution. Therefore, it only requires the majority vote to pass and the budget for the year is adopted when both the house and the senate pass the conference report (Santaiti, 2012).
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The third step involves enacting budget legislation. This process has not been particularly important in the house because the house and senate committee can waive it on simple majority vote basing on resolution development. However, enacting budget legislation is essential in the senate where legislation exceeds a committee’s spending allocation. Additionally, this step entails the budget reconciliation process, which is designed as a deficit-reduction tool to force the committee to cut the budget or increase taxes (Holtz-Eakin, 2015).
References
Haeder, S. F. &Yackee, S. W. (2015). Influence and the Administrative Process: Lobbying the U.S. President's Office of Management and Budget. American Political Science Review, 109(3), 507-522.
Holtz-Eakin, D. (2015). Scoring and dynamic scoring. Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 34(4), 965-970.
Santaiti, B. J. (2012). The Federal Budget Process. Journal of Nursing Economic, 3(2), 103-108.
