Qn. “Write a brief explanation of three important components of the psychiatric interview and why you consider these elements important”
Response
One of the essential components of the psychiatric interview is the history of the present illness (HPI). The HPI is often a description of the patient’s illness over the present time. The HPI is often a chronological detailed description of the present illness from the symptom and the first sign to the present (Carlat, 2016). The crucial element represented by the history of present illness, includes associated symptoms and signs. These elements provide the physician with accurate information in the assessment process. For instance, based on the assessment, the physician may inquire about either sensations or feelings or past psychiatric history (Psychiatry Lectures, 2015). The second element of the HPI includes context concerning what the patient does when pain occurs, timing that includes a period of the day when the patient experiences pain, and also duration, the severity of the illness or pain rated on a scale as well as the location of the patient’s pain.
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The second component is the Chief Complaint (CC). The chief complaint is essential in medicine. CC is a statement expressing why the patient needs medical care (Carlat, 2016). Physicians often need to use the patient’s words to record the CC and to avoid replacing their diagnostic interpretation for the patient’s words. The third important component is the review of systems (ROS). The component is important as it is a technique healthcare providers use to obtain the patient’s medical history. It takes the form of an admission note focusing on the patient’s subjective symptoms instead of the clinician’s perception of the objective signs. ROS is also used in identifying non-precise diagnostic tests.
Qn. “Explain the psychometric properties of the rating scale you were assigned. Explain when it is appropriate to use this rating scale with clients during the psychiatric interview and how the scale is helpful to a nurse practitioner’s psychiatric assessment.”
Response
Perceived Stress Scale
The psychometric properties of PSS include validity and reliability. The scale makes use of the PSS-10 scores to determine given stress-related measures. The PSS-10 is considered a perceived stress report measure. The scale is often used with school students and adults. An increased score on the PSS shows an increased stress level. The PSS-10 is characterized by adequate convergent validity and accurate internal consistency reliability on associations with mental and physical health measures. When compared to other tools such as PHQ-9 for assessing depression and the GAD-7 for evaluating the anxiety levels, the PSS-10 subscale and total scores are significantly corrected with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 measures for the given group under study (Baik et al., 2019). Hence, the PSS-10 scores are positively and strongly correlate with the depression and anxiety scores. Therefore, with the comparison of the PSS scale to the other tools such as the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 that lead to effective assessment results, the perceived stress scale has both reliability and validity as its psychometric properties.
The appropriate time to use this type of scale is when measuring the individual’s amount of stress. The perceived stress scale assesses the level to which the external demands are increased compared to the individual’s capacity to handle the given situation. The scale evaluates the individual’s feelings and thoughts over a given period. The physicians need to understand the various psychotherapeutic techniques as they experience different extensive case studies (Sadock et al., 2017). The PSS helps the psychiatrist’s assessment as the nurse practitioner can comprehend the available treatment options for the stressed patient.
References
Baik, S. H., Fox, R. S., Mills, S. D., Roesch, S. C., Sadler, G. R., Klonoff, E. A., & Malcarne, V. L. (2019). Reliability and validity of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 in Hispanic Americans with English or Spanish language preference. Journal of health psychology , 24 (5), 628-639.
Carlat, D. J. (2016). The psychiatric interview . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (4th ed.)
Psychiatry Lectures. (2015). Psychiatry Lecture: How to do a psychiatric assessment [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRiCntvec5U
Sadock, B., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2017). Kaplan and sadock's concise textbook of clinical psychiatry . ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
