Cathars were a Christian group that existed in southern Europe in the areas of northwestern Italy and southeastern France formerly called Occitan thus forming part of the ancient dialect of Occitan. They claimed to have been following the original doctrines of the Christian faith without the later modifications and falsifications of the Orthodox and Catholic churches. The Cathars saw themselves as the custodians of the true religion and for this reasons produced arguments in mockery of their neighboring Catholics. They saw their origins as Persia and having entered Europe by way of the Balkans and northern Italy.
The children's crusade refers to the religious movement of 1212 that was purported to have been initiated by juveniles and also included some adults. It was organized and led by Stephen Cloyes from the northern France region and Nicholas, an eloquent shepherd from Cologne, Germany. However, the movement is thought to have comprised of the wandering poor of Germany and France instead of the children as stated in the legends and mythical accounts. The crusade was meant to peacefully convert the Muslim inhabitants of the holy land Jerusalem to Christianity. Moreover, it was also intended to recover the true cross of Jesus as a relic lost during the battle of Hattin in 1187.
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Ultimately, the children's crusade failed to achieve its goals not least because it was based on the belief that the Mediterranean Sea would open up and allow safe passage for the crusaders. When the sea passage failed to open up as expected, and ship captains ended up selling some of the children in slavery after they promised them a safe journey to Palestine. There exist two accounts for the crusades that have a marked difference. The traditional account is layered with exaggerations based and the theory that the movement consisted of a single group while the current account reports of two groups, one French and the other German which were combined and embellished by later narrators.
