The factor selected from the case study of a 50-year-old African American male with a history of obesity is age and is based on the fact that the concentration of the drug at the site of the receptor determines the intensity of the drug's effect in the body of a patient. The fact that the patient is in mid adulthood means that the age factor has to be considered since administering drugs on an elderly patient comes with adverse effects, especially when the drug concentration is quite high. The age factor influences both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient since elderly patients show slow response with regards to the development of immunity to the intensity of the drug administered. The fact that pharmacokinetic process entails understanding the safety of the patient from a time the drug is absorbed in the body to the time of elimination means that the age factor plays a critical role with regards to the determination of the right dose for the patient (Bak, Kozik, Smolinski & Jampilek, 2017). The fact that the patient has been diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia means that the level of drug concentration at the site of absorption should be accorded the requisite attention. For instance, Hydralazine and Atenolol should be taken in small doses to alleviate issues of toxicity.
The age factor plays a significant role in influencing the patients’ pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes based on the ideology of tolerance to the intensity and the concentration of the drug administered in the body of the patient. Ideally, Pharmacokinetic entails studying the entire processes of drug absorption, distribution in the body systems, and eventually excretion. Hence, the consideration of drug concentration at the time of absorption is quite effective in enhancing efficacy and removes toxic substances in the body of a patient, especially in the case of an elderly patient. Consequently, pharmacodynamic process entails the understanding of the relation at a time the drug is absorbed in the body of a patient and the resulting effect on the health of a patient (Chen Zhou & Palmisano, 2017). For instance, elderly patient’s take time to develop immunity to drug administered in their body, and this means that pharmacodynamics process is slowed and the patient stands higher chances of experiencing the adverse effects of drug concentration. Hence, the intensity of the drug concentration factor plays the function of binding the type of drug taken with the receptors, and this outlines the pharmacodynamics process.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Changes in both the processes of Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics have a resulting effect on the patient’s recommended drug therapy, especially in the case of an elderly patient who is fifty years old. For instance, the fact that drugs such as Sertraline are required in large doses on a daily basis means that the intensity of the drug response and the density of the receptors may lead to adverse effects on an elderly patient's drug therapy if the concentration of the drug at the site of absorption becomes less. Besides, the fact that the effectiveness of most drugs that contain adverse effects of obesity decrease in effectiveness after being used for a while means that patients should focus on developing tolerance and this has an impact on the recommended drug therapy (Wagner, 2018). For instance, an elderly patient is believed to develop immune to most drugs after continued use with no prompt cure just because of the age factor. Hence, elderly patients are advised to go for drugs that stand higher concentration throughout the entire process of Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics.
The techniques of improving patients' drug therapy plans, especially for an elderly patient entail consistent therapeutic drug monitoring. The fact that the response of elderly patients with regards to the intensity of the drug administered in their bodies is poor means that the consideration of drug monitoring plays an essential role with regards to the determination of their drug therapy. Understanding the procedures for determining drug concentration and the safety of the patient at the time of excretion takes center stage. Besides, taking notes on the variations of drug concentration and variation in drug distribution determines the right drug therapy that suits the health needs of a patient (Prantil-Baun, Novak, Das, Somayaji, Przekwas, & Ingber, 2018). Improving patients' drug therapeutic involves achieving the therapeutic concentration of the drug at the site of absorption. Hence, the need for effecting dose changes and the observation of the clinical effects of the prescribed drug defines the modalities of improving the patient's drug therapy plan.
The fact that the case discusses an elderly patient, the provision of an alternative option for treating the client or the modification of the drug treatment entails a consistent drug concentration monitoring to alleviate circumstances in which a patient experiences adverse effects of drug concentration on the basis of his or her age. Furthermore, upon the realization that the patient starts to tolerate the effect of the drug on his or her body or rather becomes immune to the drug then the recommendation of a drug with a higher intensity would boost the health status of an elderly patient by a significant margin (Bak et al., 2017). Drugs with higher intensity prove quite effective for the elderly patients based on the fact that they stand high concentration throughout the processes of Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics. Ultimately, the right administration of accurate doses for elderly patients comes out as the right initiatives of improving patients’ drug therapy.
References
Bak, A., Kozik, V., Smolinski, A., & Jampilek, J. (2017). In silico estimation of basic activity-relevant parameters for a set of drug absorption promoters. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research , 28 (6), 427-449.
Chen, N., Zhou, S., & Palmisano, M. (2017). Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lenalidomide. Clinical pharmacokinetics , 56 (2), 139-152.
Prantil-Baun, R., Novak, R., Das, D., Somayaji, M. R., Przekwas, A., & Ingber, D. E. (2018). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis enabled by microfluidically linked organs-on-chips. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology , 58 , 37-64.
Wagner, J. G. (2018). Pharmacokinetics for the pharmaceutical scientist . Routledge.
