Concept Summary
Johnson introduces several noteworthy ethical approaches in Chapter 1. Altruism is principal among the concepts on which the author has attempted to shed sufficient light. The theory of altruism is predicated on the belief that helping those in need is rewarding, and thus an important goal for any person. The qualifying principle in the concept is to assist others regardless of the gain profited from doing so. Altruism is an ethical perspective that is apparent in almost all other theories, thereby raising concerns among some theorists that it should not be treated as a distinct approach. All moral strongholds including religions globally advocate for caring for others as everybody deserves humane treatment. Nonetheless, there exist multiple substantial skeptics on the theory ranging from biology to philosophy. The author finds that most of these criticisms hold that human beings are naturally egoists and selfish. However, Johnson affirms that a considerable number of scholars in philosophy and sociology as well as political science among other fields substantiate the existence of true altruism.
Main Assumptions
Altruism, as depicted in the chapter, derives its ideologies from human cultures across the world. Most altruistic systems like the Western thought have relied significantly on the moral standpoints of Christianity and Judaism. In essence, the theory presupposes that helping others promote a healthy environment built by strong relationships. Societal engagements become productive when people show concern for each other, which is evident in organizations. Enshrining altruistic ethics in an entity brings forth effectiveness in management and the achievement of the set goals.
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Concept Implications
Altruism promotes cohesion and collaboration among society members. Johnson argues that altruistic acts encourage productivity in any given entity. If people are unwilling to help each other in an organization, employees are highly likely to complete much less work. Altruism principles are included in other ethical perspectives which makes it readily applicable. The care component in the theory cuts across all disciplines and industries. Also, the world certainly becomes a better place when people hold a self-sacrificial behavior, as held in altruism.
