The three major classes of drugs that affect the Hematopoietic System include: Drugs that inhibit platelet function (antithrombic drugs), Drugs that decrease fibrin formation (anticoagulants) and Drugs that facilitate clotting (antiplasmin drugs)
Antithrombotic drugs work by principally inhibiting the platelets from functioning normally or through thrombin inhibition. They act by reducing the risks of cardiovascular events such as the formation of thrombus as it inhibits more than one pathway ( Xie et al., 2017 ). This class of drugs irreversibly acetylates platelet cyclooxygenase and thus completely inhibiting it from the substance that promotes platelets aggregation. The antiplatelet agent can prevent the platelets from clumping and thus stops it from forming a clot. The blood platelets are usually inactive until damage to the blood vessels makes them clump together and form a thrombus. Clumping of the platelets can inhibit the overall functioning of the Hematopoietic System.
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Anticoagulant drugs, on the other hand, work by preventing the formation of fibrin and clots. The drugs work by interrupting the process involved in the formation of the blood clots. By making the blood thinner and preventing the contact between the acetylates and the substance that causes clotting, the drug works through an interruption process to ensure that the platelets are always in the right place for the Hematopoietic System to work effectively in maintaining the functioning of the body (Ikezoe, 2015).
The antiplasmin drugs work by acting as an inhibitor, responsible for inactivating the plasmin. The plasmin is an enzyme that plays a key role in the degradation of the various proteins. By degrading the clotting of the blood, the impaired inhibition of the plasmin can lead to bleeding tendency. Through the inhibition process and inactivation of the plasmin, the drug works to enhance the functioning of the Hematopoietic system.
An example of medication is aspirin from antithrombotic drugs. Other than being used as a pain reliever, a low dose of aspirin can be used to prevent blood clots. If an individual recently had surgery on the clogged arteries or bypass surgery, the doctor may prescribe the use of aspirin in low doses where it works as a blood thinner to prevent clotting of the blood. The working mechanisms of aspirin slightly differ from that of other antithrombotic agents. Aspirin works by irreversibly acetylates platelets, thus entirely inhibiting the thromboxane, a substance that enhances platelet aggregation (Undas, Brummel ‐ Ziedins & Mann, 2014). Even its low dose, aspirin can exert an important anti-inflammatory impact. It also reduces plasma CRP and prevents any inflammation.
Aspirin is normally given at a dose of 325 mg per day for its antithrombic effects. The duration of taking the drug depends on the medical condition as described by the doctor. When taken, it acts by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme and prevent the coming in contact with the substances that can cause blood clotting. Aspirin is usually taken through oral means and can have side effects, thus the need for constant monitoring by the doctor. While taking aspirin daily can help prevent the clots and related stroke, it can also increase the risks of hemorrhagic stroke. Furthermore, it increases the chance of individual developing stomach ulcers, especially when used for a long period. The side effects can vary depending on an individual. As a result, a patient taking aspirin for clotting prevention needs to constantly go for a follow up so that the side effects can be examined. While some side effects are minor and usually go away after a short time, some can be serious, leading to other long term medical complications. One must seek to the examination of a doctor before embarking on using aspirin.
References
Ikezoe, T. (2015). Thrombomodulin/activated protein C system in septic disseminated intravascular coagulation. Journal of intensive care , 3 (1), 1.
Undas, A., Brummel ‐ Ziedins, K., & Mann, K. G. (2014). Why does aspirin decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism? On old and novel antithrombotic effects of acetyl salicylic acid. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis , 12 (11), 1776-1787.
Xie, P., Cui, L., Shan, Y., & Kang, W. Y. (2017). Antithrombotic effect and mechanism of radix paeoniae rubra. BioMed research international , 2017 .
