Managers play a major role in the attainment of the objectives set by the company. The manager has to ensure that he or she can communicate effectively with the subordinates in regards to the vision he has of the company. The way the manager plans, organizes and controls the operations of the company determines if the organization will succeed or not. The managers can apply different perspectives in their roles to ensure success.
Management can be defined as the set of principles that usually relate to the functions of planning, directing, organizing, as well as controlling and how the principles can be used in the process of harnessing the resources of the organization to achieve the set goals. A management function is usually aimed at attaining defined goals within a set time ( Koene, 2017) . Management has three components that are setting standards, measurement of the actual performance, and taking action to rectify mistakes. The most important part of the management process is the controlling part where the manager has to deal with the human resources to ensure there is a successful transition of the vision to the employees. The manager has to get things done through people. He has to maintain a favorable work environment for all his subordinates.
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Mintzberg's study found three important findings relating to a manager's routine. The first is the interpersonal role where the manager operates as the figurehead, the leader, and the liaison. The second role is the informational role where the manager works as the monitoring agent, the disseminator, and the spokesperson for the organization ( Horlacher, & Hess, 2016) . The third role is the decision making where the manager acts as the entrepreneur who inspires change and innovation. The managers must handle any external and internal issues.
The roles of the managers have been changed by the emergence of technology and social media. Managers no longer have to wait for meetings to communicate with their teams. They can now use social media and emails to send messages and any communication not only to the subordinates but also to external players. Social media has made the roles of managers easier by aiding the management process ( Horlacher, & Hess, 2016) . The managers can send instructions to their subordinates without waiting for face-to-face engagement. However, technology is essential in enhancing the management process. Managers must not make the mistake of assuming that technology takes over some of the roles. For instance, the manager has to make sure that all the communication is based on actual control that he or she has conducted.
The two overarching theoretical perspectives about management are the historical perspective and the contemporary perspective. The historical perspective has three viewpoints that include the classical, behavioral, and quantitative. On the other hand, the contemporary perspective has the systems, contingency, and quality management viewpoints. The classical viewpoint emphasizes the ways to manage work more efficiently ( Koene, 2017) . For instance, the managers can apply the scientific study of work in order to promote productivity. The second is the behavioral viewpoint emphasizes the ways of understanding human behavior to motivate and encourage employees towards achieving the set goals. For example, better human relations are one of the tenets to promote productivity ( Van den Oever, & Martin, 2015) . The quantitative viewpoint can be applied through using mathematics in decision-making. The management focuses on using statistics to be able to make the right decisions. In regards to the contemporary perspective, the systems viewpoint views the organization as a system of interrelated parts that must operate together to achieve the goals. The contingency viewpoint argues that the approach taken by the manager should vary on the individual and the environment. The quality management viewpoint argues that all the organizational departments must strive to minimize errors. The organization can train employees to ensure they can achieve customer satisfaction.
References
Horlacher, A., & Hess, T. (2016, January). What does a Chief Digital Officer do? Managerial tasks and roles of a new C-level position in the context of digital transformation. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 5126-5135). IEEE.
Koene, B. (2017). Rethinking managerial roles in change initiatives. RSM Discovery-Management Knowledge , 30 (2), 11-13.
Van den Oever, K., & Martin, X. (2015). Business model change: Managerial roles and tactics in decision-making. In Business Models and Modelling (pp. 387-420). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
