Rockford in Illinois is the largest in the state and is characterized by several health care facilities. The 2010 census notes the population of the area as having 152,871 people. The region constitutes people from different races including African Americans, whites, Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, among other races. Of all races, the whites are dominant. The Wesley Willows Community is located in Rockford, and it has a full continuum of senior housing and senior health care services. The health facility is known for offering excellent services including the management of Type II diabetes mellitus. The chronic disease has gained prevalence over the years with the number of patients increasing yearly.
The Prevalence and Statistics of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Rockford
Type II diabetes mellitus is contributed to by several factors. Age is among the factors associated with the prevalence of the disease. There is a high number of patients with Type II diabetes among the older people at Wesley Willows Community. Individuals with the disease are mostly aged between 45 to 64 years with 11.4% and 19.8% at the ages of 65 and above (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2016). Moreover, more females have the disease compared to males, having 8.6% and males 8.3 %. Compared to other racial groups, Hispanics had the most rates of having Type II diabetes. Additionally, disabled people have high numbers of patients with the disease than those who are not disabled.
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A report by Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (2018) held that Rockford was among the cities with high incidences of Type II diabetes in the country. Obesity, often defined as having a BMI of 30kg/per metre squared or more, is a significant risk factor in the development of Type II diabetes. Also, the report shows that Illinois has a high number of obese individuals. Hence, this proves that the number of people with Type II diabetes could have been accelerated by obesity. Socioeconomic factors such as education and income are also a contributor to having Type II diabetes. In the case of Illinois, households having an income of fewer than 15,000 dollars, 15% of them have Type II diabetes while there are only 5.6% cases in families having an income of more than 50,000 dollars. Retired adults have high instances of Type II diabetes compared to the employed ones having a percentage of 21.7% and 8.4% respectively. Moreover, cases of Type II diabetes are also more among widowed people compared to married ones.
Etiology and pathophysiology of Type II diabetes
Type II diabetes is predicted by insulin resistance, which is caused by physical inactivity and obesity. The advancement of Type II diabetes leads to hyperglycaemia, which shows a relative imperfection in insulin emission. Type II diabetes shows up in any event and to a limited extent, it is hereditarily determined. Cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, which are the leading causes of high mortality in Type II diabetes, are linked to resistance to hepatic insulin. Metabolic syndrome is also another contributor to Type II diabetes. They are motivated by the increase in extremely low-density of lipoprotein production. This further leads to the production of tiny but dense LDL particles which are atherogenic. The hepatic manifestation of resistance to insulin in Type II diabetes is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, termed as having excess fats in the liver.
Genetic factors and family history also play a vital role in the susceptibility of having Type II diabetes. Relatives having this type of diabetes risk having the disease substantially. Additionally, the mutation in the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide gene leads to Type II diabetes and is more severe (Wijesekara et al., 2017). However, this can be minimized by participating in physical activities and staying away from factors that contribute to obesity. Complications arising from the disease include neuropathy, retinopathy, dyslipidemia, nephropathy, and coronary artery disease.
Medications can also lead to the development of Type II Diabetes. For example, DPP-4 inhibitors, beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, Meglitinides, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas, and anti-psychotic drugs. These drugs can result in an increase in insulin resistance to the body through different mechanisms. Type II diabetes is a severe condition that corrupts practically every organ and system in the body. Furthermore, elevated amounts of glucose in the blood increases the susceptibility of a person to contract an infection, which further delays wound healing. Therefore, a person suffering from diabetes mellitus ought to change their lifestyle and beware of their blood sugar levels.
Evidence-based Practice for the Medical Management of Type II Diabetes
Patient education is vital in the management of Type II diabetes. The aim of having this is to let patients have confidence, skills, and knowledge, which would enable them to take control of their condition. Through this, they can effectively integrate self-management in their healthy lives (Bobitt, Aguayo, Payne, Jansen & Schwingel, 2019). Highly organized patient education can profoundly affect the results of health and can altogether improve the quality of life (Powers et al., 2015). Socially, health education has a short-to-medium term impact on glycaemic control, information on diabetes, and how to live healthily. Dietary advice is most crucial to persons who have Type II diabetes (Powers et al., 2015).
There should be an emphasis on eating healthy balanced meals and encouraging patients to have high fiber foods. Patients need to take low-glycaemic-index sources of carbohydrates and have low-fat dairy products (Ritzel et al., 2015). Diet should be followed by regular exercises especially for adults who are overweight. Patients are also advised to avoid the intake of marketed food. Blood pressure and diabetes are related and should, therefore, be checked. Blood pressure should be measured regularly in adults who have Type II diabetes who have never had renal disease or hypertension. Adults under hypertensive drug treatment need a frequent check up on the blood pressure levels, and the medications they used should also be well assessed (American Diabetes Association, 2019). Failure to do so might result in metabolic complications.
Patients who have Type II diabetes should be taught on how to measure their sugar levels. However, this should not be offered often unless the person is on insulin or has had episodes of hypoglycaemia. Patients under oral medications which may risk hypoglycaemia when operating machines are also allowed to use sugar monitoring devices. Similarly, pregnant mothers are permitted to use blood sugar monitoring devices. Type II diabetes patients are often given oral drugs treatment. The drugs work by producing more insulin or decrease insulin requirements by the body. They also reduce gluconeogenesis by the liver. Type II diabetic patients mostly never require to use insulin as is with the case of Type I diabetes.
Similarities between Wesley Willows Community and Evidence-based Research in the Medical Management of Type II diabetes
Wesley Willows Community nursing home has programs that seek to ensure diabetes patients are well taught on how to handle their condition. This has been advocated for by the Illinois diabetes prevention and control program. The program focuses on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support programs (Wesley Willows Senior Living Communities, 2017). Through this, patents have a better understanding of their condition instead of being offered drugs without knowledge of the disease. It is also through this that patients can avoid the risk factors involved with diabetes. The facility has medications given to patients suffering from the disease. Diabetic individuals have access to the necessary medicines they need for their condition offered in the facility. Lack of drugs for the people with diabetes results in unwanted circumstances considering diabetic patients survive on the pills.
The Wesley Willows Community nursing home has the sphygmomanometers used to measure the blood pressure of every patient that comes into the facility. Using this helps determine the levels of blood pressure and keeping checking the diabetic patients. Early determination of blood pressure levels lowers the risk of increased diabetic problems in the body. Moreover, there is a high number of pharmacists in the facility who look into matters about diabetes. They provide medical management in the facility by advising patients on what to do such as giving them dietary advice and providing the right medication that adjusts with their body. Also, Wesley Willows Community has a diabetes center with many doctors who specialized in diabetes. Hence, they offer “Diabetes Self-Management” workshops, which are interactive and free where they teach patients methods to handle symptoms, suitable exercise, healthy eating, correct medication, and working efficiently with health care providers (Wesley Willows Senior Living Communities, 2017).
Analysis and Critique of Wesley Willows Community Nursing Home’s Resources, Community Resources, and Online Resources Available for Diabetes Type II Patients
Diabetes type II management requires special attention, and self-management comes handy for these patients. To ensure this, Wesley Willows Community has a blog which is full of information relevant for Type II diabetes patients like how to take care of themselves during holidays, other patient’s narrations of their experiences with Type II diabetes, talking about culture, nutrition, and taking care not to fall. Moreover, diabetes self-management programs are vital for patients’ wellbeing. Also, the organization’s website has simple senior nutrition tips to help the elderly with Type II diabetes to eat well.
Conclusion
The Wesley Willows Community is located in Rockford, and it has a full continuum of senior housing and senior health care services like the management of Type II diabetes. There is a high number of patients with Type II diabetes among the older people at Wesley Willows Community. Also, Rockford is among the cities with high incidences of Type II diabetes in the country due to the high prevalence of obesity. Type II diabetes is predicted by insulin resistance, which is caused by physical inactivity and obesity. Genetic factors and family history also play a vital role in the susceptibility of having the condition. Nonetheless, patient education is essential in the management of Type II diabetes. Wesley Willows Community nursing home has programs that seek to ensure diabetes patients are well taught on how to handle their condition. Diabetes type II management requires special attention, and self-management comes handy for these patients. To ensure this, Wesley Willows Community has a blog which is full of information relevant for Type II diabetes patients. Also, the organization’s website has simple senior nutrition tips to help the elderly with Type II diabetes to eat well.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2019). Living Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes | Diabetes Care. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/living-standards
Bobitt, J., Aguayo, L., Payne, L., Jansen, T., & Schwingel, A. (2019). Geographic and Social Factors Associated With Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Participation: Going the “Extra-Mile” for Disease Prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease , 16 . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0385.htm
Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index. (2018). 2017 State and Community Rankings for the Prevalence of Diabetes. Retrieved from https://wellbeingindex.sharecare.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Gallup-Sharecare-State-of-American-Well-Being_2017-Diabetes-Rankings_vFINAL.pdf
Kaiser Family Foundation. (2016). Percentage of Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes by Age Group. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/adults-with-diabetes-by-age/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
Powers, M., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M., & Hess Fischl, A. et al. (2015). Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Journal Of The Academy Of Nutrition And Dietetics , 115 (8), 1323-1334. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.05.012
Ritzel, R., Roussel, R., Bolli, G., Vinet, L., Brulle-Wohlhueter, C., Glezer, S., & Yki-Järvinen, H. (2015). Patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 studies: glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity And Metabolism , 17 (9), 859-867. doi: 10.1111/dom.12485
Wesley Willows Senior Living Communities. (2017). Diabetes Self-Management Program. Retrieved from https://wesleywillows.org/calendar/diabetes-self-management-program/
Wijesekara, N., Ahrens, R., Sabale, M., Wu, L., Ha, K., Verdile, G., & Fraser, P. (2017). Amyloid-β and islet amyloid pathologies link Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes in a transgenic model. The FASEB Journal , 31 (12), 5409-5418. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700431r
