Cardiovascular disease has one of the primary risk factor known as Hypertension, which is basically the key cause of mortality and morbidity at the cost of $131 billion yearly in health care expenses. An early report showed that during the year 2005-2008, there was a presence of hypertension in almost one-third of the United States adults. It further documented that less than half managed to control it. According to Gu (2013), amongst adults diagnosed with hypertension, there are increased mortality rates as a result of uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore many lives can be saved if there is suitable hypertension treatment, control and getting alert on any chance of development of heart failure, kidney disease, or any stroke may be reduced. .
The report is meant to examine the U.S adults who are living with hypertension that is not controlled. The examination will be based on treatment and awareness. Data obtained is from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which is a multistage survey. Three groups of people living with uncontrolled hypertension were targeted: they include those living with the condition yet they are aware of it, those who have it yet they are not aware and those with uncontrolled hypertension and are knowledgeable, have sought for medication but still have that condition. Results in this report can assist the United States in an attempt to increase awareness of hypertension by informing the residents.
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NHANES is a noninstitutionalized multistage survey that is complex and only deals with the civilian population. It contains interview at the household level, and a thorough examination has done physically (Yoon, et al., 2015). Statistical software was used to perform data analysis so as variance estimates for the multistage could be done and also to sample weights accounted for; format referred to as a clustered sample. Age adjustment of prevalence estimates was not since there was a collapse of multiple cycles of the survey, and also there was no examination of trends over time. Current population surveys by NHANES were used to calculate the population counts by doing the average of the four cycles that were examined.
There are three limitations associated with the results of this report. First, it is only the non-institutionalized United States pupation that NHANES only surveys. Those residing in the nursing homes, as well as military personnel, are not included this may result in higher occurrences of hypertension since those who reside in nursing homes are older and may have age-related hypertension, hence resulting in underestimating the presence of hypertension (Guo, Zhang, & Walton, 2012). Consequently, since military personnel, some of them may be fit physically, be young hence have lower chances of hypertension occurrence, this may lead to overestimating the presence of hypertension. It is also possible that the data on hypertension that is self-reported about medication use and awareness may depend on how well one recalls . The last limitation is that this report based its examination of hypertension treatment on pharmacological use without counting those who use exercise and other diet methods in reducing their blood pressure.
According to the results of this report, more than half (53.5%) of the 66.9 million United States adults estimate who have hypertension, it was uncontrolled during the period 2003-2010 (Gillespie, et al., 2013). It was also noted that out of the thirty-five million United States adults who had uncontrolled hypertension, almost 90% of them were with the same source of health care, had been covered by the insurance company, and in the previous year had acquired health care. This clearly indicates that the providers of health care, as well as the systems that are used, missed opportunities of diagnosing, and improving hypertension control. Therefore, it will need an extra effort with more focus from the systems that are used in healthcare centers as well as those personnel's who provide health care to make sure that there is improved control of hypertension
References
CDC. MMWR. Vital signs: awareness and treatment of uncontrolled Hypertension among
adults- U.S. 2003-2010.
Guo, F., He, D., Zhang, W., & Walton, R. G. (2012). Trends in prevalence, awareness, management, and control of hypertension among United States adults, 1999 to 2010. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 60 (7), 599-606.
Nwankwo, T., Yoon, S. S., Burt, V., & Gu, Q. (2013). Hypertension among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. NCHS data brief , (133), 1-8.
Gillespie, C. D., Hurvitz, K. A., & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2013). Prevalence of hypertension and controlled hypertension—United States, 2007–2010. MMWR Surveill Summ , 62 (Suppl 3), 144-8.
Yoon, S. S., Fryar, C. D., & Carroll, M. D. (2015). Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2011-2014 (pp. 1-8). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
