Several theories have been brought forth to help depict and explain “self” and “social interaction.” Two of these are the exchange theory and behavioral theory.
The exchange theory suggests that human social behavior is as a result of an exchange process. This exchange focuses on maximizing benefits while minimizing costs. According to this theory, people analyze the potential benefits and risks of all ventures/relationships. If the risks exceed the rewards, then they abandon or terminate the relationship. The theory operates on the principle that all relationships portray some level of give-and-take, though to a varying extent. It is the exchange theory that determines whether that relationship is worth pursuing or not.
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The exchange theory bears its strength in that it is fairly simple and relatable. It makes it easy to get to the bottom line of any interaction by considering the costs and benefits. The theory is useful in the explanation of issues like a failed relationship, whereby the main reason is that the costs exceed the benefits. However, the theory has a weakness in that it suggests that human beings are selfish beings who only get into a relationship where they are going to benefit, otherwise they terminate it.
Behavior theory works on the assumption that a learner is passive and responds to environmental stimuli. The learner starts on a clean slate and then has behavior reinforced either positively or negatively. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of the behavior re-occurring while punishment, whether positive or negative, decreases the likelihood. Positive is whereby a stimulus is applied while negative is whereby a stimulus is withdrawn.
One of the major strengths of behavior theory is that supports the idea that it is possible to develop leadership traits through experience and development. The theory also shows that it is possible to develop the character of leadership. However, the theory has a weakness in that people learning the behaviors and practices do not necessarily enact them. A behavior that works well in a given situation might not work well in another.
