Validity and Accuracy
The source ‘'Xenotransplantation: The Last Best Hope? Ethical Aspect of a Third Way to solve the Problem of Organ Shortage'' is a credible article journal that has been peer reviewed by the authors. The authors involved in this particular work include G. Assadi, L. Pourabdolrahim, and G. Marckmann. All the authors have a background in cell biology majoring in animal species and therefore this makes them well conversant with the entire issue of xenotransplantation. The authors have used numerous resources in the area of biomedical ethics, animal ethics, and other materials on xenotransplantation. Another factor that adds to their validity and accuracy is on the use of Springer publishers which is a fairly reputable company.
On the other hand, the second source ‘'Ethical issues with xenotransplantation clinical trials'' is another valid and accurate work that is authored by Ian N Olver. Olver is an Australian cancer researcher, oncologist, and a bioethicist currently working Samson Institute, University of South Carolina. The publisher of the work is the Medical Journal of Australia, one of the most distinguished publishers of medical content in the field of medicine. The vast experience of the author in the field of medicine in areas of cancer, cells, and ethics makes the source credible.
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Purpose of Each Source
The first source gives insights on the growing importance of xenotransplantation especially with the constant shortage of human organs. It appreciates that one of the major problems of modern medicine today is the increasing number of patients requiring transplantation with relation to the number of organs available ( Assadi et al . 2016). It is cognizant of the first two policies that have been put forth to ensure people live healthy lives. The policies include increasing the supply of organs and secondly reducing its demands. The third policy is premised on xenotransplantation as a way of increasing the hope to live.
The second source explains the hurdles that have been experienced in the field of xenotransplantation. Whereas immense progress has lately been witnessed, Olver, (2016) noted that certain hurdles ranging from immunological, physiological, and microbiological barriers have made xenotransplantation a distant reality. Whereas Australia has a huge capacity and framework to conduct the clinical trials, there is limited guidance on the ethical considerations that need to be put on the xenotransplantation trials. The ethical considerations outlined in this source both touch on the human beings and the animals.
Ethical Nature of the Issue
Both the two sources have remained critical in addressing some of the ethical issues in xenotransplantation. The first source acknowledges that xenotransplantation still faces some challenges with regards to ethics. Assadi et al . (2016) asserted that despite the fact that supply of organs by animals gives a sense of hope to human beings and their health, challenges that are still experienced include rejection of organs and cells and the risks that come with the transmission of zoological infections from the animals to the human beings. It further addresses the ethical issue concerning the cruelty and sometimes the loss of life by the animals which is against the animals’ rights.
The second source also addresses ethical issues associated with the xenotransplantation trials carried out in Australia. It asserts that it poses a unique challenge due to the possibility of infectious and untreatable diseases from the animals to human beings. Therefore, this is not only a risk to the people participating in the research but also those who come into contact with them ( Olver, 2016). Therefore, the author suggests that to mitigate the ethical issues several ethical bodies such as the Australian health Ethics Committee must enhance the research with ethical considerations. Both ethical considerations given in the two sources reflect scientific evidence by drawing the issue of disease transmission and the death of the animals.
References
Assadi, G., Pourabdolrahim, L., & Marckmann, G. (2016). Xenotransplantation: The Last Best Hope? Ethical Aspects of a Third Way to Solve the Problem of Organ Shortage. In Organ Transplantation in Times of Donor Shortage (pp. 221-238). Springer, Cham.
Olver, I. N. (2016). Ethical issues with xenotransplantation clinical trials. Med J Aust , 204 (6), 212.
