Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that bases the nature of an action on the result of the action. In this theory, the main assertion is that an action is good if it produces happiness and bad if its effect is that of sadness or adversity. Utilitarianism is also different, in that it does not consider the motives of the actor in delivering the rightness or wrongness of an action. Therefore, it would be possible for the right thing to be done from wrong motives. Deontological ethics on the other hand, is a normative ethical person that bases the morality of an action on the person’s adherence to the rules (Waller, 2005). The rules bind the person to their duty under certain circumstances and should be followed to the letter to produce the best results.
Utilitarianism in law enforcement is a theory that could be applicable in unique circumstances. For example, the effect of quelling violent demonstrations could produce the positive result of having peace and order within the society. However, the desirable result is not all that law enforcement officers are looking for. As enforcers of the law, it is equally necessary that the means are equally as justifiable as the ends. It is then of necessity that deontological arguments be forwarded, that prescribed rules must be used in the process of law enforcement. Such rules include the adherence to human rights, including the right to inherent dignity of the person. Normative rules are necessary in law enforcement to prevent a situation where the Wild West comes back.
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Law enforcement officers are not only tasked with ensuring that law is followed, but by also using prescribed methods of dealing with wrong actions, including procedures for arrest, criminal profiling and armed responses. A combination of the two theories will adequately cover the means as well as the ends of the law enforcement officer.
References
Waller, B. (2005). Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues. New York: Pearson Longman.
