Why is this field called “green criminology”?
This field is called green criminology because it provides a focal point for people around the world who share a passionate interest in the analysis of, and action around, environmental crimes and harms. This has been important in the building of networks of both scholars and researchers, and the creation of public forums where environmental crimes can be discussed from various dimensions.
The State defines what is criminal or not. Why is this important to the development of extra-legal definitions of environmental harm?
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The nature and seriousness of harm, rather what is criminal and not, is determined by some actions that are considered illegal but acceptable and others that are illegal and not acceptable. Usually, the definition captures the difference between illegality and serious harm. At its core illegality in green criminology is considered harmful but less serious. Additionally, it is acceptable because it is regarded as a consequence of industrial activities that are significant from an economic standpoint. Such crimes include felling down trees. On the other hand, serious harm is considered by law as inherently wrong. For example in the application of public interest law in India to stop polluting industries from destroying sites of national significance.
What are some key differences between laws designed to regulate and manage an environmental problem (e.g. CITES and illegal trade in wildlife) and laws intended to eradicate a problem (e.g. Montreal Protocol and banning of ozone-depleting substances)?
Laws designed to regulate and manage an environmental problem are framed in terms of limits and allowable levels of pollution. On the other hand, laws intended to eradicate a problem are framed in terms of banning various activities and substances to prevent further damage, most of which are considered serious and a threat to the ecosystem.
Different causes create different problems. Discuss this in reference to specific examples of environmental harm from your text.
Environmental damage is caused by various factors such as human beings, population increase, technology, and capitalism. Due to the difference in the nature of these causes, they result in different harms on the environment. Human causes, for instance, are likely to create different problems from those of technology. The same applies to other causes of environmental pollution.
What is ‘eco’ in eco-global criminology?
The term eco in this context refers to the combination of various ecosystems at a global level.
What are the key dimensions that help to define transnational environmental crime?
The key dimensions through which transnational environmental harms are defined include climate change, transnational environmental crime, and ecological justice.
