Recombinant DNA technology is the process by which DNA Molecules from different species are combined and put in a host organism to come up with new genetic combinations which are used in different sectors such as agriculture, medicine, science and other industries. Scientists have invented methods for preparation of well-defined segments of DNA in multiple identical copies, a process known as DNA cloning ( Urry et al., 2017 ).The process is carried out by cutting and re-joining DNA molecules that are identified by particular sequences of nucleotide bases known as restriction sites.
Currently the technology is used in mapping out the human genome, creating trans genetic animals and developing insect-resistant crops. It is also applied in genetic tests that are performed in genetic science and archaeology and it is as well applied in tests which help determine hereditary diseases. Recombination DNA technology is used in diagnosis of disease such as hepatitis and HIV in patients. It has been applied in the production of vaccines and protein therapies that include human insulin, human growth hormone and interferon. It is also applied in the development of gene therapy and production of clotting factors for the treatment of haemophilia.
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Advantages of the recombination DNA include its use by scientists to in coming up with medical solutions (Daraee et al., 2016) , it helps in improving food production by making crops resistant to pests and scientists use it to produce new vaccines and improve the existing ones. The disadvantages of the technology include the fact that most people feel that it goes against the laws of nature due to the much control it gives to humans over the basic building blocks of life. It has led to genetic material becoming more expensive when companies pay scientists to patent, buy and sell genetic materials. People also worry about the safety of modified food and medicines by the use of recombinant DNA technology.
References
Daraee, H., Etemadi, A., Kouhi, M., Alimirzalu, S., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Application of liposomes in medicine and drug delivery. Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology , 44 (1), 381-391.
Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V., Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2017). Campbell biology . New York, NY : Pearson Education
