Paul, W. & Sharma, C. P. (2014). Alginate wound dressing: history and advanced wound care. Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials . Taylor & Francis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278076825_Alginate_Wound_Dressing_History_and_Advanced_Wound_Care
The skin cells undergo constant regeneration as top layers slough off. The repair of the epithelial wound involves washing the wound, making plasters and wound bandaging. To effectively manage the infected wound, it is crucial to identify the cause of the infection and develop strategies for preventing it. Therefore, pathogens from foreign sources like bacteria require thorough washing with soap and water. Wound healing devices currently used include alginates, chitin, collagen, etc. Calcium alginates and alginate-based dressing are effective in wound healing and the removal of the dressing with little trauma. The author shows expertise by explaining how silver products can prevent and treat infection, especially when used as wound dressings that promote healing. For instance, the silver products absorb exudes and make the wound moist as it prevents further entry of microbial pathogens from attacking the area. This idea corresponds to other authors’ perspectives, which are based on the fact that the silver dressings are responsible for contact sensitization. The resource is very useful since the author offers a proper explanation regarding how silver compounds sustain antimicrobial protection for longer durations of about 4 days and limit the frequency of changing the dressings. This importance relates to the topic in context as it depicts the benefits of silver products over other types of alginate dressings like pads, rope, and ribbons that absorb fluids very slowly. Therefore, the sustained release of silver ions protects the wound from further infection; hence, continued antimicrobial protection. Finally, alginates including silver products are perfect when used to dress highly exudating and infected wounds.
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Dabiri, G., Damstetter, E., Phillips, T. (2014). Wound healing society. Choosing a wound dressing based on common wound characteristics. Advances in Wound Care , Volume 5, Number 1. PP. 32-41. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717498/pdf/wound.2014.0586.pdf
Wound dressing for chronic wounds should be selected to ensure that it provides a moist environment, especially for nonhealing ulcers. Choosing wound dressing made of silver products is an adjunct to healing the most chronic wounds. The author asserts that silver ions are effective in binding and disrupting bacterial cell walls. This is due to their capability of disrupting bacterial cell walls by denaturing DNA and RNA to avoid worsening the wound. Although other sources have cited a healing duration of four days, the author provides a different view. The silver dressings should be used for two weeks, after which, their effectiveness should be reevaluated as regards their ability to initiate antimicrobial affect. This source is very useful because expounds how the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles protect wound from drug-resistant bacteria since the biocides curtail further proliferation of such pathogens in the clinical environment. The strengths of the article lie on its ability to introduce newer antimicrobial dressings that are more effective than silver compounds, especially for patients in long-term care programs. For instance, hydrophic antimicrobial dressing provides a greater probability of reducing bioburden in unhealing wounds without incorporating chemically active agents. However, the source does not explain explicitly, how to use a physical principle in binding bacteria and fungi when using this technique owing to the presence of moisture in the wound. Finally, silver dressings are moisture-retentive and can heal chronic, granulating, superficial wounds and those without sloughs effectively and in a cost-efficient manner.
Dhivyaa, S., Padmab, V. V. & Santhinia, E. (2015). Review article: Wound dressings – a review. BioMedicine , Vol. 5, No. 4, Article 4, Pages 24-28. China Medical University. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662938/pdf/40681_2015_Article_22.pdf
Dressing materials can heal acute wounds within a period of between 8 and 12 weeks although this depends on the severity of damage to both the dermal and epidermal skin layers. Notably, the products facilitate increased healing of chronic wounds due to increased regeneration and growth of the four different phases of the healing process. For instance, they facilitate increased coagulation and homeostasis, the inflammatory phase, the formation of new tissues and blood vessels, and an enhanced maturation and remodeling of new tissues. The author provides the general features of a wound dressing, which he claims that must maintain a moist environment, improve epidermal migration, and increase the rate of angiogenesis and formation of connective tissues. Among other characteristics, his ideas are similar to those of other authors cited earlier in this annotation. For instance, he claims that the dressing material must maintain optimal temperature, enhance blood flow, and must prevent the entry of microbial pathogens. Additionally, the similarity is vested in the idea of using modern wound healing dressings to keep the affected area from dehydration. Therefore, the source is generally important since it explains that the wound environments should not be just covered by their healing processes depend on enhanced functions but to curtail the entry of bacteria. however, this source only states that silver-impregnated dressings can be used in wound healing but does not provide a rationale behind its allegations; hence, its weakness. Finally, wound care practitioners should choose the right dressing material to heal chronic wounds including leg ulcers and pressure ulcers very fast.
Han, G. & Ceilley, R. (2016). Review: Chronic Wound Healing: A Review of Current Management and Treatments. Adv Ther , 34:599–610. Springerlink.com. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5350204/pdf/12325_2017_Article_478.pdf
Medical practitioners should choose the right dressing material to avoid chronic wounds that may elevate healthcare costs for both patients and the medical system. This implies that wound patients in long-term care residents require proper attention to enhance physiologic wound repair. There is a need for proper interventions to activate the wound environment and support the various processes in the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. The inflammatory stage clears pathogens and foreign materials as it contains the damaged environment with the help of cytokines. The source places much importance on the concept of oxygen supply and oxygen tension in the wound environment with the interaction of cytokines to ensure that cells are actively proliferating. In comparison to other authors’ perspectives, healing processes depend on the location, size, and depth of the wound in relation to metabolic processes, blood supply, and sustained pressure. Again, it relates to the ideas by ascertaining that sustained release of silver products in the wound environment results in retained efficacy. Importantly, the source provides insights into wound care, with a special focus on the role of debridement as it eliminates non-viable tissue material based on surgical, autolytic, or enzymatic mechanisms. The weaknesses of the source lie in its inability to provide a clear explanation regarding the timing and frequency of surgical debridement in wound dressings. Additionally, it fails to provide a clear account of how silver products destroy bacteria with the help of a polymeric matrix. Finally, the author recommends future research to assess the impacts of silver sulfadiazine when used as an antibacterial formulation on the wound environment. This argument was based on the past toxic impacts of iodine-containing compounds that were previously used in wound areas.
Ubbink, D. T., et al. (2014). Wound Healing Society. Evidence-Based Care of Acute Wounds: A Perspective. Advances in Wound Care , volume 4, number 5, pp. 286-295. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432965/pdf/wound.2014.0592.pdf
The research provides guidelines for wound care practices to ensure uniformity, effectiveness, and high-quality care for patients in long-term care residents. Therefore, it details 38 recommendations to be used in caring for chronic and acute wounds based on the strengths of mechanisms chosen in accordance with a specific GRADE classification. For instance, the mechanisms are first grouped into either high, moderate, low, or very low. The source addresses similar ideas as those of the other authors by claiming that proper dressing material used in wound care must exude, absorb, or transudate. The author demonstrates his expertise by suggesting ways of improving wound care practices, which should involve the use of a standard wound classification scheme like Red-Yellow-Black and TIME. Therefore, it is important since it specifies the types of dressing materials for typical wounds to ensure proper care and avoid frequent dressing-changes. Therefore, wound care practitioners would alleviate pain associated with the condition, prevent leakage and ensure adherence of the wound to clothes. Hence, it is related to the topic under discussion because it ensures cost-effectiveness, occlusiveness, and excellent absorption capacity. However, the author does not provide a comprehensive account of how silver products can be used to treat chronic wounds in long-term care. In fact, it only concentrates on acute care and the application of non-adhesive dressing, which are even less effective in treating the wounds as regards the healing time, infection risk, and pain.
Rodriguez-Arguello , J., et al. (2018). Wound Management and Prevention. A Scoping Review of the Use of Silver-impregnated Dressings for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds . Volume 64 - Issue 3 . HMP. https://www.o-wm.com/article/scoping-review-use-silver-impregnated-dressings-treatment-chronic-wounds
Topical silver agents are effective in suppressing the growth of bacterial infection and they increase the rate of healing in chronic wounds. In this context, a chronic wound is one that shows no signs of healing after a week’s duration or which shows limited response to treatment changes. Examples include diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, and related traumatic wounds that may result in septicemia and amputation. The authors’ perspective is based on the use of silver as a therapeutic wound care agent within the clinical setting to ensure proper wound solutions and dressings. They argue that the silver-based products encompass hydrofibres, alginates, and hydrocolloids that contain inorganic, nanoparticle, and nanocrystalline elements that kill bacterial cells and thwart their replication. The source expresses similar ideas as those in the previous bibliographies since it explicitly explains how the silver-products denature both the DNA and RNA of the bacterial cells and eventually destroy their cell membranes to avoid their replication in the wound environment. Additionally, the source is useful because the research critically evaluated the impacts of using silver-products in dressing chronic wounds in an attempt to improve clinical outcomes. For example, this concept relates to the topic under study because silver-based therapies reduce wound size, odor, and wound exudation. Also, it ensures minimal dressing changes that consequently economize on medical costs. Further, the research shows enormous strengths in the manner in which it details the clinical outcomes related to wound healing and bacterial loads in burn injuries. However, the study was subject to limitations due to the inability to compare findings across the meta-analyses studies since it used heterogeneous interventions to determine the extent, range, and nature of the silver products in wound care. However, the author concludes by recommending future clinical trials to establish the relationship between the silver dressings and safety and cost-effectiveness.
Aderibigbe, B. A. & Buyana, B. (2018). Review: Alginate in Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics , 10, 42. Basel: MDPI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6027439/pdf/pharmaceutics-10-00042.pdf
Professionals in the nursing discipline still find wound management a serious challenge despite advances in wound dressing materials. The major problems with the issue involve higher costs of managing wounds and the effectiveness of the method chosen. The authors argue that the US spent $20 billion for the management of chronic wound while England incurred £184 million. Notably, wound treatment depends on educational expertise, organizational management, and clinical and psychological factors that influence how biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and biomaterials are used in making dressing materials. Again, they show expertise knowledge when they describe wound healing in four phases including homeostasis and inflammation, migration, proliferation, and remodeling. The authors observe similar characteristics of alginate dressing materials, which are non-toxic, biocompatible, have higher absorption capacity, and are highly biodegradable. The source is useful because it emphasizes the importance of alginate as potential biopolymers that enhance the ease with which professionals overcome the problems of wound dressing while minimizing possible allergic effects. This concept is useful for the research since it reduces bacterial infections and improves wound healing due to the homeostatic properties that are ideal for chronically healing wounds in long-term care patients. Finally, they conclude that wound care professionals should use nanoparticles including zinc oxide and nanosilver to dress chronic wounds that improve antibacterial activity and facilitate the proliferation and migration of keratinocyte cells to the wound environment.
References
Aderibigbe, B. A. & Buyana, B. (2018). Review: Alginate in Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics , 10, 42. Basel: MDPI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6027439/pdf/pharmaceutics-10-00042.pdf
Dhivyaa, S., Padmab, V. V. & Santhinia, E. (2015). Review article: Wound dressings – a review. BioMedicine, Vol. 5, No. 4, Article 4, Pages 24-28. China Medical University. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662938/pdf/40681_2015_Article_22.pdf
Han, G. & Ceilley, R. (2016). Review: Chronic Wound Healing: A Review of Current Management and Treatments. Adv Ther, 34:599–610. Springerlink.com. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5350204/pdf/12325_2017_Article_478.pdf
Paul, W. & Sharma, C. P. (2014). Alginate wound dressing: history and advanced wound care. Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials. Taylor & Francis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278076825_Alginate_Wound_Dressing_History_and_Advanced_Wound_Care
Rodriguez-Arguello, J., et al. (2018). Wound Management and Prevention. A Scoping Review of the Use of Silver-impregnated Dressings for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Volume 64 - Issue 3. HMP. https://www.o-wm.com/article/scoping-review-use-silver-impregnated-dressings-treatment-chronic-wounds
Ubbink, D. T., et al. (2014). Wound Healing Society. Evidence-Based Care of Acute Wounds: A Perspective. Advances in Wound Care, volume 4, number 5, pp. 286-295. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432965/pdf/wound.2014.0592.pdf
