A central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. Some of the major functions of the central nervous system include controlling the thoughts, movements, emotions, and desires. The brain is the most complex organ of the human body. It consists of the estimated 15-33 billion neurons that are all connected. The brain acts as the central control module of the body and coordinate activity. The brain is divided into various regions with each region dedicated to performing different roles. Many higher functions include problem-solving, reasoning and creativity.
The brain is divided into four lobes. The first is the temporal lobe. This helps to process sensory input and assigning it the emotional meaning. It plays a role in storing long-term memories and some aspects of language perception. The second is the occipital lobe which functions for the visual processing region of the brain and thus houses the visual cortex. The third is the parietal lobe play sensory role functions such as touch, navigation, and spatial awareness. When an individual is touched, the message is sent to the parietal lobe. It plays an important role in language processing. The fourth is the frontal lobe which is located on the front part of the brain. The lobe does contain many of the dopamine-sensitive neuron and which help in movement and memory.
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The forebrain (procencephalon) is known to be the largest part of the brain. It is also the regions where it develops. It is located on the top part of the cerebrum. This region contains two major parts which are the telencephalon which contains plenty of hemispheres and the diencephalon which is located on the lower side of the forebrain. The diencephalon is made up of the thalamus which organizes sensory information, epithalamus which secretes melatonin, and regulates motor pathways and the emotions, hypothalamus which serves the purposes of thermoregulation and subthalamus which is the center for optic impulses.
The midbrain consists of the cranial nerves whose major role is to control muscle movement such as eye movement. This part of the brain is located between the forebrain and the hindbrain. The midbrain consists of two components which are the tectum and the tegmentum. Tectum is a Latin word meaning roof and with tegmentum are responsible for auditory and visual reflexes. Tegmentum is a Latin word meaning covering. This is where several of the cranial nerve nuclei is located.
The hindbrain is found on the lower portion of the human brain and is also known as rhombencephalon and responsible for heart rate and respiration. The hindbrain is made up of the brain stem and the cerebellum. This part of the brain control breathing and swallowing. The brain stem connects to the spinal cord and is composed of the medulla, pons and reticular formation. It plays a role in physical activity.
When the brain is injured, one could go into a coma. This means they become unconscious. They do not speak or keep their eyes closed. Some can appear to be asleep, but cannot be awakened, and in other instances, they cannot be move at all. The coma state does vary with the place an individual has been affected, the severity of the injury and the extent of the damage. Individuals could emerge from a coma with other challenges such as the inability to move properly and psychological difficulties among others.
