History of addiction and its philosophy is complex and long. It stems from time of Frankenstein philosophy which used aversion therapy where bird's dung was dropped in the alcoholic drunk to stop addiction, to the current time where alcoholism is vaccinated. Between this ranges, the history is intertwined with a lot of philosophies and personalities which contributed in this field. It all started in the year 1849 when alcoholism was identified as a disease by Dr. Benjamin Rush, New York State Inebriate Asylum become the first addiction treatment center. Some of the philosophies which were used include the lay therapy which was introduced which was more of psychological approach to addiction treatment. These were the mother of philosophies which resulted in evidence-based practices such as the 12-step recovery which is used currently ( Fitting et al., 2014). Stigma has impacted the rate at which addicted individual seek treatments. “The 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that 21.5 Americans age 12 and older had a substance use disorder in the previous year ; however, sadly only 2.5 million received the specialized treatment they needed .” Addicted individuals face stigma such as negative attitude in treatments centers. Also, they are looked down upon with regards to treatments insurance, housing, and employment. What is important is to accept this person in the society. What need to be advocated for is that alcohol is a disease. This will make people offer support to victims and thus reduce stigma related to addiction.
There are different types of assessment and addiction tools which are used to determine additional level. An example of these assessment and planning tools is Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Worlds Health Organization designs this tool. It is a tool which consists of ten steps which are used to assess the level of addiction and those who are at risk of taking alcohol and becoming an addiction. Also, NIDA Modified ASSIST Drug Use Screening Tool is used to assess the patient’s risk level for addiction. CRAFFT Screening Tool is an assessment and planning tool which is also used in this case. This a tool is “a 6-question behavioral health screening tool to screen adolescents for high-risk alcohol and other drug use disorders simultaneously. It used to use to assess and plan for the level of addiction and the abuse of alcoholism dependence. This tool is also used to assess the intervention strategies for those who abuse alcohol. CRAFFT Screening Tool is used mostly as assessment and planning tool for treatments strategies for adolescents; it is "Recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics' Committee on Substance Abuse for use with adolescents under the age of 21.” The last assessment and planning tool is the Online Assessment Measures: Cross-Cutting Symptom Measures . This is a useful tool which used to assess and plan for the action which asses the cultural and economic barriers to recovery from addiction. It determines the cultural and economic issues which may make an individual vulnerable to abuse.
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There are different approaches to addiction. There are pharmaceutical treatments approaches. This may include the anti-depressants drugs and many others. For pharmaceutical intervention and approaches, more research is needed for more conventional treatments of the addictive patients. Another approach is the therapies. There are different types of therapies which can be used in this case to help the patient who is addicted to alcohol. There is a cognitive therapy which helps addicted and mental disorders in individual who is addicted. There is behavior therapy and family therapy (Jasinska et al., 2015). All these are used to help the individual recover from addiction. This patient can be in level one where they are served as outpatients or level two where they are served either as hospitalized patient or the outpatient services. Evaluation can be done through a survey to find the number of patients who have undergone the process successfully of the number admitted. This will reveal if it is successful.
References
Fitting, S., Zou, S., El-Hage, N., Suzuki, M., J Paris, J., J Schier, C., & F Hauser, K. (2014). Opiate addiction therapies and HIV-1 Tat: interactive effects on glial [Ca2+] I, oxyradical and neuroinflammatory chemokine production and correlative neurotoxicity. Current HIV research , 12 (6), 424-434.
Jasinska, A. J., Chen, B. T., Bonci, A., & Stein, E. A. (2015). Dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) circuitry in rodent models of cocaine use: implications for drug addiction therapies. Addiction Biology , 20 (2), 215-226.
