Air pollution is contamination of the atmosphere by emission or release of harmful gases, smoke, dust or fumes which is harmful to living organisms on the earth’s surface. Primary air pollution occurs through the direct release of pollutants from processes that are identifiable such as carbon (II) oxide gas from vehicles. Other examples include Sulphur (IV) oxide released from industries, eruptions in the volcanoes that emits smoke and ash and also nitrogen oxide released by burning of fuels. Secondary air pollution occurs when primary pollutants react chemically in the atmosphere. Examples include particulate matter, smog formed as result of interaction between many primary pollutants.
Sources of pollution include human-made sources such as mobile, for example, vehicles and stationary sources and natural sources produce smoke and carbon (II) oxide - released from effects of fire on wild vegetation. Pollution is both a man-made and a natural occurrence since it is caused by both anthropogenic causes as well as natural causes. Air pollution has several impacts on human health. These include respiratory infections such as asthma, breathing difficulties, coughing and wheezing; heart diseases and lung cancer. These problems are fatal. Air pollution results in approximately three million premature deaths every year (Balmes, 2018) and increases medical expense.
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Children in areas prone to air pollution have high chances of getting asthma, pneumonia, and lung development restrictions than adults in those areas. Older people are also at high risk because of the decreased lung function that is as a result of aging. Babies that are subjected to air pollution during pregnancy are usually born with low birth weight, others pre-maturely born and also have a higher risk of suffering from rhinitis, asthma, and eczema.
Weather is the atmospheric conditions that occur within a short period. Climate describes the average weather conditions of a place over a long period usually 30 to 34 years. For example, a region can be said to have a hot and wet climate by considering the average amount of rainfall, humidity, temperature, wind speed and sunshine.
Direct evidence is obtained through satellites revolving around the globe which help in recording climatic data. Proxy evidence is primarily physical features of the past climates that are used instead of direct measurements ( Balmer, 2018) . Examples of these are coral, ice cores, fossils, and pollen. Scientists use pollen grains to determine the origin of a certain crop.
In conclusion, air pollution can be mitigated by enacting a ban to prohibit the use of substances that are likely to result in pollution of the air. Different governments can also pass laws that require industries to be more responsible in their manufacturing act. On climate change, mitigation and adjustments, especially in the developing countries, need to be adopted as a way of reducing the susceptibility of biological and social systems and also control global warming
References
Balmer, P. (2018). Martin's Beach Litigation and Eroding Public Access Rights to the California Coast. Ecology Law Quarterly , 45 (2), 427.
Balmes, J. R. (2018). Climate Change and Implications for Prevention. California’s Efforts to Provide Leadership. Annals of the American Thoracic Society , 15 (Supplement 2), S114-S117.
