Biology is the study of animals and plants.There are different branches of Biology for example morphology, zoology, entomology, etc .All these branches of Biology represent different species of animals and plants. There are two main branches in Biology i.e. Botany and Zoology. Below are different fields of Biology and their application in the society.
DNA and forensic science.
Forensic science is the application of science in criminal and civil laws majorly implemented during criminal investigations. DNA, which is a genetic material in humans and majority of the organisms, is a major component in the forensic science.DNA helps investigators to identify the criminal responsible for the particular crime. It distinguishes precisely and apparently the perpetrator as each has a unique DNA. It has also helped in the accurate safeguarding of the society for example, in a situation where an innocent person is crime convicted, DNA helps in identifying the right person to be apprehended, and freedom is accorded to the honest. Incorporation of DNA in forensics has contributed to openness and safe judgment as the accurate information is determined. DNA also ensures proper exoneration of the criminals, and this ensures fairness and justice. In the situation where there are no clues in the crime scene DNA plays a significant role in the identification of the criminal. Evidently, DNA in the forensics science has contributed to justness, and it has made it easier for the investigators and the law to apprehend the criminals for their wrongdoings. For example, DNA has made it tough for imposters to impersonate another person. Large DNA databases are contained by the police who help it very easy to track down a criminal or even identify a person (Houck & Siegel, 2006) .
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Population evolution and microbial life.
Population evolution is the change in the structure and forms of organisms through natural selection. Microbial life majorly focuses on the micro-organisms and their behavior in the environment. Population evolution and microbial life have contributed significantly to the society and the medicine field (Houck & Siegel, 2006) . For example, through the development of the HIV has made it easy for the researchers to create vaccines and serums for the virus. Microbial life has also greatly helped in understanding economic benefits of micro-organisms to the society, for example, the yeast used in the baking of bread, pastries, etc. Some micro-organisms are also employed in the treatment of sewage and sludge in plants. Genetic engineering is a great application in the population evolution. Changes in the population have helped biologists to make great biological achievements such as cloning. Which has assisted in giving desired characteristics to individuals?
Biological Diversity Evolution
Biological diversity evolution refers to the process which generates and maintains patterns in the variations of species. Genetic biodiversity is an example of the application of the biological diversity development as it shows a variation of genes within a given species of animals. Biodiversity within ecosystem among all the species that inhabit them is also an example of biological diversity an example is among the cattle breeds, they are all of the same type but what distinguishes them from Shorthorn, Hereford, Angus cattle, Holstein Friesian cattle, etc. Another application of biological diversity evolution is ecological diversity which shows variety in the natural habitats and ecosystems. It clearly demonstrated by the difference in the forests of Colorado and those in the West Indies. This distinction in types is very much important.
Plant and Animal Evolution.
Evolution is the transformation in organisms from simpler forms too much more complex forms over a certain period. Plants and animals have mutated over time as changes in the climate have changed over time. An application of plant and animal evolution is artificial selection. Artificial selection has helped the biologists in the domestication of plants and animals which have undoubtedly contributed to genetic engineering to help biologists to acquire plants and animals of desired characteristics (Robertson, Ross, & Burgoyne, 2002) . Plant and animal evolution has also assisted the biologists in the manufacture of drugs for consumption by human beings, for example, the mutation and built-in resistance by the plasmodium parasite to quinine have helped the biologists to come up with stronger drugs to cure patients suffering from malaria.
Population Growth
Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population. An application of population growth helps biologists identify the spread of diseases, parasites, pests, etc. For example, the spread of cerebrovascular diseases among the males in the black race. Such a study has helped the doctors to clearly identify the primary cause of the condition among the black and such aspects such as their genes have apparently helped the biologists control diseases and conditions. The study also against HIV onset in the states among the black males helped biologists identify the cause of the disease. Population growth in the field of biology has also contributed to the creation of better organic agricultural techniques. Agricultural methods such as grafting and production of hybrid seeds. Population growth has helped to ensure that there is food security all over the world through hybrid seeds, agricultural plants have been able to yield more produce hence providing sufficient food for each and every individual in the world.
Population growth has also helped in the modification in the human population for example cloning, artificial
Biomes and Ecosystems.
Biomes are very ecological areas on the surface that contain flora and fauna adapting to their environment while an ecosystem is a biological community of organism that interact with their physical environment. One application of biomes and ecosystems is it helps biologists to maintain balance, especially in the wildlife parks. It helps biologists to help understand the relationship among creatures in the Savannah for example in the tropical Savannah grasslands of Africa, animals such as cheetah and gazelles reside in the same ecological niche, and a feeding cycle is maintained which helps keep the predator-prey ratio in balance (Robertson, Ross, & Burgoyne, 2002) .
Biomes and ecosystems have also helped biologists to understand the distribution of vegetation and wildlife all over the world and the various climates in which they exist in , for example, large anaconda snakes and Kinkajou are among the rarest species of their kind in the world, but the tropical rainforest environment has proven suitable for their existence. It also clearly shows differences in various species of animals that are situated at different parts of the world, for example, the Yak found in the Himalayas region compared to the domestic cow found in Africa. The disparity in the climatic conditions makes Yaks hairier as they are situated in cold areas compared to the cows located between the tropics.
Biology is an aspect of science that clearly contributes to the study of plants and animals. Different aspects of Biology are very much beneficial to the society. In the past years, a lot of improvements have been made in the vital field of science. Discoveries and inventions have been made. Unimaginable milestones have been reached such as cloning. Apparently Biology has maintained balance in the environment and has ensured a lot of benefits are derived from both flora and fauna found all around the universe.
References
Houck, M. & Siegel, J. (2006). Fundamentals of forensic science (1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Robertson, J., Ross, A., & Burgoyne, L. (2002). DNA in forensic science (1st ed.). New York: Ellis Horwood.
