Student 1
Human and nonhuman subjects : I concur with your assertion that despite most research studies done being human based, experimental tests are performed on animals. Animal activists protest against subjection of animals to research. I opine that despite the ethical concerns raised on animal research, such tests yield useful knowledge that could not be gained elsewhere. Using animals that are similar to humans during such tests increases the reliability and viability of results.
Experiments and non-experiments : Use of dependent and independent variables enable scientists to make a quantification on whether changes applied to one research phenomenon cause variation in something else consistently ( Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015) . Exerting controls in experiments allow for minimization of changes in other variables to test whether an experiment outcomes are repeatable.
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Pure and applied research : When undertaking pure research, a scientist usually has a known goal in mind contrary to applied research which is carried without any premeditated goal.
Cognitive neuroscience : Cognitive neuroscience encompasses areas such as psychological experiments, human behavioural genetics, functional neuro-imaging and neuro systems electrophysiological studies ( Banich & Compton, 2018) .
References
Banich, M. T., & Compton, R. J. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience . Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource . John Wiley & Sons.
Student 2
Human and nonhuman subjects : Regarding non-human experiments, a certain degree of uncertainty is involved since for example an experiment can be brilliantly executed on rats but fail to apply to human owing to differences in neuroscience and genetic makeup. However, use of non-human subjects gives exquisite control to a scientist over the experimental situation following its invasive abilities contrary to human subjects which is limiting due to restrained invasiveness.
Experiments and non-experiments : The major contrast between experiments and non-experiments lies in the extent which a researcher controls or manipulates the environment (Mugenda, 2012). Experimental studies have carefully controlled variables unlike in non-experimental research that lacks control of independent variable.
Pure and applied research : Pure research studies are exploratory and propelled by curiosity and interest and aims at explaining correlation between variables. According to Mugenda (2012), applied research has a specific focus on solving a certain identified problem or research question and is descriptive in nature for example a research study into plant genetic codes. Cognitive neuroscience : Through neuroscience, scientists explore human abilities such as memory, decision making, problem solving, attention, language masterly and perception ( Youtube, 2018) .
References
Mugenda, O. M. (2012). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches . African Centre for Technology Studies.
Youtube (2018). What we'll learn about the brain in the next century | Sam Rodriques, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1gVCOFXGZk
