The brain is made up of billions of nerve cells arranged in patterns that manage and direct the human emotion, movement, sensation, thoughts, and behaviors. All these billion cells work together. However, each part has a specific role to perform. These roles include controlling and managing everything even the heart rate of one’s body. The brain is connected to other body organs by the nerves system ( Harir i et al. 2003). Therefore, this ensures a fast flow of information to all parts of the body. Transmission occurs in seconds from the brain to other body organs. For example, think how fast you remove your hand from a sharp object that is pricking you.
The brain comprises of three main parts: the cerebellum, brainstem, and cerebrum. The most significant component of the brain is the cerebrum. It is the part that most people usually visualize when they think or describe the brain. The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the cerebrum. It is the gray matter of the mind. The surface area of the gray matter is increased and enhanced by the wrinkles and deep folds in the brain. Therefore, this makes it easier to process more information ( Harir i et al. 2003). A deep fissure divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres. These hemispheres communicate with one another through a thick tract of nerves located at the bottom of the crevice known as the Corpus callosum. The regions are then divided into four lobes. The parietal lobes interpret sensory information such as touch and taste. The frontal lobe to manage and control the planning, thinking, movement and problem-solving. The occipital lobes which process images and pictures from the eyes and connects that information to the memory where there is storage of images. The temporal lobes process sensory information such as sound, taste, and smell.
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Limbic systems are structures located deep in the brain. They control and manage the memories and emotions. These structures are usually in pairs. Each component of this system is replicated in the other opposite half of the brain. The hypothalamus manages and controls emotions. Also, assists in the regulation of the body’s temperature and crucial urges. The hippocampus transmits memories for storage in the appropriate section of the cerebrum, and when necessary it recalls the information ( Párraga et al. 2016). The thalamus acts as a gatekeeper for the information transferred from the spinal cord the cerebral hemisphere. Also, there is the peripheral nervous system which entails all the nerves in the body apart from the ones in the brain and spinal cord. It relays information among the brain and the extremities.
Brainstem links the brain with the spinal cord. It manages functions crucial to life. These functions include breathing, the body’s blood pressure and the heart rate. This part is also essential in facilitating adequate and peaceful sleep. As for the cerebellum, is located behind the brain ( Párraga et al. 2016). It is a wrinkled ball of tissues in shape. It plays the role of combining sensory data and information from the various sensory organs such as the eyes, muscles, and ears to assist coordinate movement.
The neurons contain two essential types of branches. The dendrites accept and receive incoming information and messages from the other nerve cells. The other branch which is the axons transfers and carries outgoing signals to other cells from the cell body. Neurons can offer fast communication and efficient lighting. Neurons communicate with the other body cells through electrical impulse when stimulation happens in the nerve cell. There are chemicals present in the neurons that act as messengers.
References
Hariri, A. R., Goldberg, T. E., Mattay, V. S., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Egan, M. F., & Weinberger, D. R. (2003). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism affects human memory-related hippocampal activity and predicts memory performance. Journal of Neuroscience , 23 (17), 6690-6694.
Párraga, R. G., Possatti, L. L., Alves, R. V., Ribas, G. C., Türe, U., & de Oliveira, E. (2016). Microsurgical anatomy and internal architecture of the brainstem in 3D images: surgical considerations. Journal of neurosurgery , 124 (5), 1377-1395.
