Bullet Wound
This is a victim from a shooting scene with an entrance circular-shaped wound in his lumbar spine, connecting the lower and upper body (Havard Health Publishing, n.d.). Many broken vertebrae are expected as the bullet wound is an entrance, with a beveling on the bullet's path towards the victim's front side (Havard Health Publishing, n.d. ). The temporary cavity on the patient's lower spine means there is a lateral displacement of processes extending from the cylindrical body of the vertebrae. Nonetheless, we may have a displacement of vertebrae near the lumbar area due to the destruction of ligaments that joins them in their stacks due to the bullet passage (Havard Health Publishing, n.d.). The patient is under a lot of pain because of the fracture on his lumbar spine. Moreover, he has a blunt trauma due to the increased pressure on the flat abdominal muscles in between the pelvis and ribs and the erector spine.
Reference
Havard Health Publishing. anatomy of your back. Retrieved 4 July 2020, from http://www.health.harvard.edu
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Stem Cells
Stem cells refer to the type of cells that are yet to undergo cell specialization (Nayak, Prakash, Kanani & Bhargav, 2014). Stem cells can differentiate and multiply to form new cells. Ford-Martin, Anne, and Davidson (2015) describe the embryonic stem cells, which are obtained from an embryo before they undergo the differentiation processes to form specialized cells such as skin cells and muscle cells. Therefore, stem cells have the potential to undergo manipulations in the laboratory animal experiments to form specialized cells capable of replacing differentiated cells in various body organs that are damaged (Ford-Martin, Anne & Davidson, 2015).
The stem cell capability lies in it uncommitted nature in the production of a certain cell type, thus allowing researches in the field to send a specific signal ordering it division and production of certain specialized cells (Nayak et al., 2014). Stem cell research is showing potential in the development of various treatments for multiple disorders as well as diseases. According to Ford-Martin, Anne, and Davidson (2015), the embryonic stem cells have been converted successfully to the insulin-producing cells that have aided the treatment of diabetes that is insulin-dependent. Additionally, stem cell research is showing potential in the improvement of the sclerosis symptoms. However, stem cell research is facing an ethical dilemma, because the stem cell harvesting process destroys the embryos hence, the American government is restricting research and development in studies involving certain stem cells in humans (Ford-Martin, Anne & Davidson, 2015).
References
Ford-Martin, Anne, P., and Davidson, T. (2015). "Cell therapy." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, edited by Jacqueline L. Longe, 5th ed. Gale In Context: Science.
Nayak, A., Prakash, S., Kanani, A., & Patel, B. (2014). The function of stem cells and their future roles in healthcare. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285120846_
