Form
Canada’s form of government is the federal constitutional monarchy under which the king or queen occupies the head of state's position, and the head of government is the country's prime minister. There is a division of power between three government levels, including the federal, provincial, and city governments. The prime minister leads the federal government while premiers and mayors head the provincial and municipal governments, respectively.
History
The Constitution Act, a key component of the country’s constitution, was passed in 1867 and effectively created the federal state. It created an independent British dominion and allowed the integration of various colonies such as New Brunswick and Nova Scotia into provinces. In 1982, all traces of British control were eliminated via the enactment of the Canada Act, which made the North American nation in charge of all its constitution changes.
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Democracy Nature
Canada is regarded as a representative democracy, given that it has a two-layered parliamentary government, and it allows citizens to vote in representatives.
Institutions
The executive branch comprises the chief of state, head of government, and cabinet. The leader of state is Queen Elizabeth II, spoken for by the governor-general. The government head is Justin Trudeau, who selects his cabinet from his parliamentary party sitting. The legislative segment comprises the Senate, which has 105 seats, and the house of commons, which has 338 seats. The judicial section comprises the highest court, specifically the Supreme Court and subordinate courts such as the federal court and tax court.
Stability
The government institutions have a high stability level hence making the country overall stable. The country's political stability index in 2019 was 1.03 points out of 2.5 points, meaning that it is relatively stable (“Canada: Political stability,” n.d.) . Its functioning government and full democracy prove this point.
Validity
The country’s elections are highly valid as indicted by its full democracy status.
Effectiveness
Canada’s rule of law is effective due to the presence of the independent judiciary and reliable system of checks and balances.
Constraints
There are no constraints on foreign investment given that the country is keen on incrementing its FDI inflows through the Supercluster program of the federal government.
War/Conflict
Recently, the North American nation has not engaged in war and has had no border conflicts.
Corruption, Violence, Abuse
Canada’s degree of corruption is low. As per the Corruption Perceptions Metrix, the country was the least twelfth corrupt nation in 2019 (“Canada corruption rank,” n.d.). The country’s full democracy status means that it has a low level of civil unrest, human rights abuses, and extra-legal violence. The country has a low degree of terrorism since less than ten domestic terrorism cases have been reported in the last ten years.
Threats
A key threat is the country’s industry restrictions since exporters do not have full access to the country’s market. In addition, it takes a relatively long time to enforce a contract in the country.
Government
The performance of the present administration led by Trudeau has been assessed as average. The government's degree of popularity is improving, given its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. The country has seen relatively fewer deaths and cases as compared to its southern neighbor, the US.
Educational
The North American country's education system is good, as showcased by the recognition of the university and college certifications from Canadian institutions.
Healthcare
The country’s healthcare system is well funded and provides universal access without fiscal obstacles.
Political Parties
The opposition party led by Erin O’Toole is highly effective in keeping the Canadian government in check.
References
Canada corruption rank . (n.d.). TRADINGECONOMICS . Retrieved from https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/corruption-rank
Canada: Political stability . (n.d.). theGlobalEconomy.com . Retrieved from https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Canada/wb_political_stability/
