Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Jin, J., & Zheng, Z. (2018). The effect of CBT and its modifications for relapse prevention in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC, Psychiatry, 18 .
Zhang et al. (2018) conducted this research to examine the effects of CBT and modification for preventing relapses in major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 16 tests in 1945 individuals were carried out. From the first year’s statistics, CBT was effectual compared to controls in minimizing risks of the development of new episodes of depression among remissions MDD individuals. However, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was found effective compared to the use of controls solely in individuals with three and more MDD incidents. However, to make this study effective, Zhang et al. (2018) performed retrievals in MEDLINE databases. Also, healthcare tests registry sites and reference articles with relevance were searched and recovered. Hazard ratio and a correspondence confidence interval of 95% were utilized in pooling pieces of evidence. Zhang et al. (2018) made a conclusion that the utility of CBT for MDD individuals in remissions has a probability of reducing the risk of relapses, thus making CBT beneficial. However, Zhang et al. (2018) recommended further exploration of the effects of prior psychological interventions.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Kodal, A., Fjermestad, K., Bjelland, I., fGjestad, R., Öst, L.-G., Bjaastad, J. F., . . . Wergeland, G. J. (2018). Long-term effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 53 , 58-67.
Kodal et al. (2018) undertook this research to examine the long-term results of CBT in individuals and a group, that is, individual CBT and group CBT, respectively, in adolescents that have anxiety conditions receiving treatment at communal psychiatry healthcare units. However, Kodak et al. (2018) examined a total of 139 adolescents. They had an average age of 15.5 years since most of them ranged from 11-21 years. Kodak et al. (2018) state that, "Principal diagnosing of a separation anxiety disorder (SAD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), and social anxiety disorders (SOD) were the significant evaluations undertaken.” Kodak et al. (2018) found that CBT contributed to the losing of all anxiety inclusive types of diagnosis, losing of principal anxiety’s diagnoses and also, transformation in adolescent-and parent-rated adolescent anxiety signs. However, Kodak et al. (2018) obtained no statistically significant decline in the outcomes of ICBT and GCBT. The major analysis criteria deployed was the use of follow-ups. As a result, CBT is beneficial since it contributes to positive change in individuals after a few periods of engaging in therapies. However, no recommendations were made as per the study.
Schermuly‑Haupt, M.‑L., Linden, M., & Rush, A. J. (2018). Unwanted Events and Side Effects in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research , 1-11.
Schermuly ‑ Haupt et al. (2018) carried out research to determine CBT’s “unwanted events” (UE)and “side effects” (SE). In this case, 100 CBT therapists were assessed for SEs and UEs in one of their currently running outpatient facilities. Psychotherapists made a report on 372 UEs among 98 individuals and SEs among 43 individuals. However, from the report, 27% of the individuals reported negative affliction, 9% with symptoms that worsened day-by-day, and 6% with strainings in family relationship statuses. Generally, 21% of the individuals experienced severe SEs, while 5% experienced persistence in SEs. These SEs include cognitive disorder symptoms and also, impairment of social lives. Therefore, Schermuly ‑ Haupt et al. (2018) recommended that therapists and patients have prior knowledge of the side effect’s profile to help boost prior identification of SEs, thus enhancing patient's therapy outcomes.
Melvin, G. A., Finnin, L., Taffe, J., Dudley, A. L., Klimkeit, E. I., Gordon, M. S., & Tonge, B. (2019). Adverse events reported by anxious school refusing adolescents receiving cognitive behavioral therapy with and without fluoxetine. SAGE Journals . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518822681
Melvin et al. (2019) carried out a research to assess adverse events related to the therapies of anxiety using CBT alone, CBT and placebo, and CBT and fluoxetine among anxious adolescents who refuse schooling. In this study, an SE symptoms questionnaire was filled by individuals before progressing with treatment and also during treatments. Individuals treated by CBT and fluoxetine combined were sanctioned and, thus, not linked with high-level severe events compared to other therapies. However, severe events declined in all the cohorts with time. The remaining severe effect recognizable to fluoxetine was nausea. However, when it comes to suicidal risks, frequencies of suicidal ideations and non-suicide self-injuries were relatively low in CBT and fluoxetine combined therapies, in comparison to the cohort that only received CBT. Generally, Melvin et al. (2019) found out that despite all the treatments being tolerated, fluoxetine and CBT combined emerged to be the best therapy against suicidal ideations, non-suicidal self-injuries, and self-injuries ideations. As a result, Melvin et al. (2019) recommended using CBT and fluoxetine combined in adolescents suffering from an anxiety disorder.
References
Kodal, A., Fjermestad, K., Bjelland, I., fGjestad, R., Öst, L.-G., Bjaastad, J. F., . . . Wergeland, G. J. (2018). Long-term effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 53 , 58-67.
Melvin, G. A., Finnin, L., Taffe, J., Dudley, A. L., Klimkeit, E. I., Gordon, M. S., & Tonge, B. (2019). Adverse events reported by anxious school refusing adolescents receiving cognitive behavioral therapy with and without fluoxetine. SAGE Journals . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518822681
Schermuly‑Haupt, M.‑L., Linden, M., & Rush, A. J. (2018). Unwanted Events and Side Effects in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research , 1-11.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Jin, J., & Zheng, Z. (2018). The effect of CBT and its modifications for relapse prevention in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC, Psychiatry, 18 .
