Nature has facilitated the process of growth for all living things, including human beings who experience various stages of development. The first stage, which occurs after birth involves infancy; a stage in which a toddler gains control over their body. Similarly, the second stage consists of the childhood stage in which children explore and develop a sense of independence, which can be defined as a crucial milestone. Nurturing children during this stage enhanced their self-confidence, which in turn guarantees their productivity in the future ( Arnett, Chapin & Brownlow, 2018) . Adolescence involves significant milestones such as exploring their self-identity while consequently allowing an individual to express their place in the world. Adulthood, which is the final human development stage, involves numerous decision-making processes which define human life.
Freud's theory posits that personality develops during childhood, and thus, most individual's character is defined by five years of age ( Green & Piel, 2015) . Erickson's theory, further details Freud's theory by explaining the various factors that influence the development of one's personality from childhood to adulthood while Piaget's theory evaluates the cognitive stages of individuals from childhood to adulthood ( Kail & Cavanaugh, 2018) . While the similarities exist in that all three theories emphasize on the development of personality from childhood throughout adulthood, a significant difference is a fact that Piaget focused primarily on mental development while the other approaches focused on emotional development.
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The theories mentioned above were developed to explain how children view the world as well as their cognitive abilities, which further involve personality development. However, scholars found that they raised concerns related to various factors ranging from race to socioeconomic status ( Schachter, 2018) . Racial and ethnic inequalities have affected children's socio-emotional development and hence, the concerns regarding the validity of the theories. Additionally, educational inequalities resulting from gender differences have raised concerns regarding the accuracy and practicability of the proposed theories.
References
Arnett, J., Chapin, L., & Brownlow, C. (2018). Human development: A cultural approach . Pearson Australia.
Green, M. G., & Piel, J. A. (2015). Theories of human development: A comparative approach . Psychology Press.
Kail, R. V., & Cavanaugh, J. C. (2018). Human development: A life-span view . Cengage Learning.
Schachter, E. P. (2018). Intergenerational, unconscious, and embodied: Three underdeveloped aspects of Erikson’s theory of identity. Identity , 18 (4), 315-324.
