Term: On-Premises Software
Definition : This is an operating system that is run on computer in a person’s or an organization’s premise and not in a remote facility. For the effective running of the On-premises software, it is important for an enterprise to obtain a license. An On-Premises Software can be left to the users to support and maintain considering that they have total control (Bento, 2012).
Example : An example of the On-Premises Software is Adobe Creative Suite, which is a software that is used in graphic design, in video editing, and in web development applications. The Adobe Creative Suite can be installed in various servers within an organization.
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Term: Data Center
Definition: A data center refers to a dedicated space in a building that houses a large number of networked computer servers. A data center houses computer systems that are used by an organization for remote storage and for telecommunication. It has an important role of storing backup components and has an outlined infrastructure for power supply.
Example: An example is the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), which was the first data center that was designed by the Army of the United States and served as a laboratory for digital components.
Term: Operating System
Definition: An operating system is a software that has a role in supporting the basic functions of a computer. An operating system has the ability to manage a computer hardware and software though specialized functions (Bento, 2012). An operating system act as an interface between a computer user and the hardware as it enables the users to perform a wide range of tasks such as file and memory management.
Example: An example of an operating system is the Microsoft Windows, which operates different versions, such as Windows 10 and 8 to provide customized operations to different users.
Term : Virtual Machine
Definition : A virtual machine refers a hardware or software that has the ability to emulate a computer system. A virtual machine may involve a combination of a specialized hardware and software that is based on computer architecture. The virtual machine exists in two major aspects that include the system and the process virtual machine.
Example : An example of a virtual machine is the VMware Workstation, which enables different users to set virtual machines on a physical machine. The VMware Workstation plays an important role in allowing simultaneous functionality in an actual machine.
Term : Cloud Container
Definition : A cloud container is an executable unit of software that relies on virtual isolation to deploy system functionality. The most notable aspect regarding the cloud containers is the fact that they are designed to create an isolation boundary in an application level (Wahiduzzama & Faruqui, 2018). Cloud containers are an important technological aspect that enhances the protection of the IT infrastructure.
Example : An example of a cloud container is the Amazon Elastic Container services, which is considered as high-performance cloud container that provides the ability to run different applications on a managed cluster in Amazon.
Term : Development Environment
Definition : Development Environment refers to a set of programming tools and processes that provides a platform to create and develop software or program products. The development environment acts as safe workplace for software developers to engage in the process of making changes in computer programming without interfering with the live environment (Wahiduzzama & Faruqui, 2018). The main objective of using the development environment is to focus on improving workflow and reduce possible errors that may occur when running software programs.
Example : An example of development environment is the Microsoft Visual Studio, which is an integrated development environment for Microsoft.
Term : Public Cloud
Definition : Public Cloud refers to computing services that are provided by a third party within a public internet. A public cloud can be considered a pool of virtual resources that are owned and managed by a third-party company. The virtual resources and computing services are made available to users. The most notable aspect concerning a public cloud is the fact that it is an open system that provides access to free or paid software (Wahiduzzama & Faruqui, 2018).
Example : An example of a public cloud is the Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute, which is a web service that provides a platform for accessing resizable compute capacity within the cloud.
Term : Private Cloud
Definition: Private Cloud refers to the computing services that are provided on a private network or over the internet to selected users. A private cloud consists if resources that are used exclusively by the selected users such as in an organization. Private clouds are considered to be more flexible considering that they can be customized to meet specific needs. Additionally, private clouds have improved security considering that the resources are shared to the public.
Example : Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) is an example of a private cloud that provides computing services to the selected and defined users (Wahiduzzama & Faruqui,2 018).
Term : Hybrid Cloud
Definition : Hybrid Cloud refers to a cloud computing environment that incorporate both the public cloud and the private cloud. In hybrid cloud, the use of the private and public cloud serves as an important aspect that promotes effectiveness in the cloud computing environment. Investing in hybrid cloud helps to promote business continuity and enhance innovation opportunities. Additionally, hybrid cloud has special attributes that helps to deal with risk management in an organization (Wahiduzzama & Faruqui, 2018).
Example : An example of a hybrid cloud is Microsoft Azure, which is a cloud computing service that is developed by Microsoft. The hybrid cloud is developed to deploy and manage different applications within the data centers.
Term : Multi-tenancy
Definition : Multi-tenancy is an application that acts as a reference on a software that provides a platform for multiple independent instances on a shared environment. In multi-tenancy, a software and the supporting infrastructure has the ability to serve multiple customers where the customers engage in sharing software application in a database (Bento, 2012). A multi-tenancy is important considering the ability to reduce development and deployment costs in companies that engage in software and application development.
Example : The HubSpot is an example of a multi-tenant application that is used for inbound marketing and customer services.
Term : IaaS
Definition : Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) refers to a cloud computing services that engages in the provision of virtualized computer resources within the internet. The IaaS is considered a high-level service that plays an integral role in promoting effectiveness in a network infrastructure. Some of the key aspects associated with IaaS include services such as physical computing resources, data partitioning, scaling, and the provision of security backups in a network (Wahiduzzama & Faruqui, 2018).
Example : The DigitalOcean is an example of an IaaS, which is a cloud computing company that engages in the development of cloud services to improve on the network infrastructure in a company.
Term : PaaS
Definition : Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) refers to a cloud computing application that allows users to develop, manage, and run different applications without facing much difficulties. The platform plays an integral role in ensuring that the business applications can run without the need to build an infrastructure for software development process. It is important to note that PaaS can be delivered in three ways that include delivery as public cloud, as a private cloud, or as software that tis deployed in a public infrastructure.
Example : Heroku is an example of the PaaS, which is a cloud platform that has the ability to support different programming languages.
Term : SaaS
Definition : Software as a service (SaaS) is an application that is considered part of cloud computing, the infrastructure as a service, and the platform as a service. SaaS is an application model whereby software is licensed after meeting the subscription requirements defined by the host. In cloud computing, only the selected users have the ability to access the SaaS applications within a network. The SaaS applications operate on the provider’s servers, which have the ability to manage and define access within the application.
Example : An example of SaaS is Google Apps, which considered a suite of cloud computing that enhances collaboration and productivity of software tools.
Term : XaaS
Definition : Anything as a service (XaaS) is a collective term that refers to different services that relate to cloud computing. XaaS is an important aspect that recognizes technologies and tools as service in the internet. The most significant aspect to note is that XaaS recognizes the fact that any IT function can be transformed into a service with the aim of promoting enterprise consumption. Some of the benefits associated with XaaS include creating a significant improvement on the expense model and speeding up business processes.
Example : An example of XaaS is the Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS), which is a backup service model that promotes the protection of application in cloud computing.
Term : Web Server
Definition : A web server refers to a hardware or software that capitalizes on the use of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to engage in operations such as providing responses to the requests of the clients. The web server may also use other protocols to address the requests of the clients within the world web. The web server plays an important role in displaying the content of a website though storing and display of website content.
Example : Apache is an example of a web server that is developed and maintained by an open community of developers.
Term : Application Server
Definition : An application server is a server that is designed to run a wide range of applications in a network. The application server may include both hardware and software that play an important role in creating an environment for running applications and programs. An application server is made to engage in operations that include installation, and operation of different services within a network.
Example : An example of an application server is the JBoss, which is an open-source platform that has the mandate to implement java applications and other software applications.
Term : Database Server
Definition : A database server refers to a computer in the local area network (LAN), that is dedicated to different activities such as the storage and retrieval of data. The database server engages in the use of database applications such as the Database Management System (DBMS) to provide a wide range of database services to different computers within a given network. An important aspect to note regarding the database servers is the fact that they play an important role in providing data access to authorized users.
Example : The Microsoft SQL is an example of a database server that capitalizes on database management as requested by other software applications.
Term : Load Balancer
Definition : A load balancer is a device that focuses on the distribution of applications across servers. The device plays an important role in distributing various tasks within different users in a network. The main objective of using the devoices is to increase the capacity and reliability of the applications used within a given network.
Example : An example of a load balancer is the HAProxy, which is an open and free software that promotes the process of load balancing.
Term : Transaction Volumes
Definition : Transaction volumes refers to the total transactions that are processed within a network. There three main types of transaction volumes, which include average transactions volume, peak transactions volume, and transactions growth rate (Bento, 2012). The average transactions volumes are obtained by dividing the total transactions with the average time taken to perform the transactions. The peak transaction volume represents the highest transaction noted within a system. The transaction growth rate refers to the transaction value that represent an increase of the processes that are undertaken within the system.
Example : An example of transaction may include sales orders, which is a transaction that is performed within a network system in a business.
Term : Elasticity
Definition : Elasticity refers to the extent at which a system is able to adapt to different changes such as workload changes. The level of adaptability is defined by factors such as provisioning and de-provisioning of resources within the system. It is important to note that elasticity in cloud computing plays an important role in defining a point where the available resources matches with the demand.
Example : An example of elasticity in cloud computing is a situation where a company’s website becomes popular as a result of flash crowd, thus creating a situation where a company’s system needs to portray its adaptability.
Term : Scalability
Definition : Scalability refers to the ability of computer processes to be used within a wide range of capabilities. In this case, the properties of a computer process play an important role in defining the amount of work that the system can handle. The issue of scalability helps to define the ability of a system to overcome different problems and errors in the network.
Example : An example of scalability involves the implementation of modern techniques in a system to promote various process that are crucial in cloud computing.
Term : Availability
Definition : In computing, availability is a general term that provides a description of the amount of time that the system resources are available. Additionally, availability depicts the probability that a system is operational within a given time. The aspect of availability in a computer system is reported in terms of minutes or hours that the system is available for operation.
Example : An example of availability is the overall uptime when a computer system is running and the computer is booted.
Term : Reliability
Definition : Reliability refers to a situation where a computer related component such as hardware or software has the ability to perform effectively based on the mentioned specifications (Wahiduzzaman & Faruqui, 2018). The reliability of the hardware or software is measured through the level of consistency of major operations undertaken by the computer components. It is important to focus on ensuring that the attributes of a computer component have the ability to meet the detailed functions.
Example : An example of reliability in computing is a situation where an operating system has the ability to meet different expectations defined such as the ability to manage and engage in different operations within a system.
Term : Applications Architecture
Definition : An applications architecture refers to a domain that plays an important role in forming the pillars of an enterprise architecture. An application architecture plays an important role in providing a description of behaviors of major applications that are used to manage businesses. Additionally, applications architecture provides a description of how different applications interact with the users based on the design and approach used in developing the applications.
Example : An example of applications architecture is the monolithic architecture, which focuses on describing a single-tiered software application that is used in a network.
Term : Data Architecture
Definition : Data architecture refers to a composition of model, policies, and standards that plays an important role in governing the collected data (Nayyar, 2019). The main role of data architecture is to manage and govern how data is stored and arranged within a system. Data architects have the mandate to create an architecture that has the ability to promote effectiveness in the process of managing and storing data in a computer network.
Example : An example data architecture is a database is a computer system, which plays an important role in providing a platform to store and manage data.
Term : System of Record
Definition : A system of record is a term that describes an information storage system that is authoritative in nature. The main objective of a system of record is to focus on examining the quality of data stored in a computer system. In this case, data integrity is a crucial aspect that helps to capitalize on the reliability and the quality of information stored in a system.
Example : The Customer System of Record is an example of a system of record that focus on managing data that relates to the customer.
Term : Infrastructure Architecture
Definition : Infrastructure architecture refers to a modern approach that aims at providing support on an organization to facilitate innovations and change within an organization. The infrastructure architecture relies on a structured approach that involves technological components that enhances the ability of a computer system to interact with users. The infrastructure architects focus on engaging in the development of designs that have the ability to achieve the overall goals and objective regarding the need to facilitate innovations in an organization.
Example : An example of infrastructure architecture includes the web services and applications that supports effective interaction and innovation.
Term : Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Definition : SDLC refers to a framework that defines a wide range of tasks that are performed in different stages of software development. The main processes in the SDLC include planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance, which play a major role in development of a software. All the processes aim at ensuring that the software development process achieves the desired objectives relating to software development.
Example : An example of SDLC involves the processes undertaken by the web developers to develop an application that enhance various operations in an organization.\
Term : Waterfall Methodology
Definition : The waterfall methodology refers to a set of procedures and strategies that act as a guide the software development process. The waterfall methodology outlines different steps of the development process beginning from the top level to the lower level (Nayyar, 2019). The waterfall methodology is used as a main approach in SDLC to engage in an effective process of developing an appropriate and efficient software.
Example : The waterfall methodology was used in the past to in the development of enterprise applications such as the Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS) and the Point of Sales (POS) systems.
Term : Agile Methodology
Definition : Agile methodology refers to a process used in project management to capitalize on ensuring that the software development process is effective (Wahiduzzaman & Faruqui, 2018). The agile methodology ensures that the demands and solutions evolve in a manner that enhances the process of developing software that could be used in different aspects of business management.
Example : An example of agile methodology is the eXtreme Programming (XP), which is software development framework that aims on improving the quality of software developed.
Term : Conceptual, Logical and Physical Architecture
Definition : Conceptual architecture refers to a design in a computer system that does not have implementation details. Logical architecture refers to a system design that provides too much details while the physical architecture refers to the physical layout of different components in a computer system.
Example : An example of Conceptual, Logical and Physical Architecture may involve an illustration that presents different aspects concerning software components, physical attributes, and the user interfaces.
Term : Loose Coupling
Definition : Loose coupling refers to the interconnection of different components occurring in a system or network as a way of ensuring overall functionality. The components, which are referred to as elements, depend on each other to a large extent as a way of ensuring that they create a practicable outcome. Loose coupling ensures that an application delivers on its practical expectation as a way of improving functionality (Nayyar, 2019).
Example : An example of a loose coupling is Java Message Service (JMS), which allows for creating, sending, and reading of system messages.
Term : Microservices
Definition : Microservices refers to an architectural style involved in structuring an application based on the collection of services occurring simultaneously. The services, in the application, are both maintainable, testable, and loosely coupled. Microservices play a key role in ensuring reliable delivery of complex applications.
Example : An example of microservices is Amazon, which has adopted a ‘service-oriented architecture.’
Term : Capital Expense (CapEx)
Definition : Capital expense (CapEx) refers to the costs and expenses that businesses use to create long-term benefits (Wahiduzzaman & Faruqui, 2018). When investing in a cloud computing technology, businesses may engage CapEx with the view being to ensure that the technology adopted creates long-term benefits for the business. The basic expectation when engaging CapEx is that it will benefit a business for a lifetime considering that its usefulness does not change with time.
Example : An example of CapEx is investment in cloud server, which will help ensure the business achieves its cloud computing needs.
Term : Operational Expense (OpEx)
Definition : Operational expense (OpEx) refers to the costs and expenses incurred when running daily activities, which include paying for services and consumables that are used up every day. OpEx are evaluated on a monthly or yearly basis to determine the costs associated with ensuring that a business maintains its IT functionality (Wahiduzzaman & Faruqui, 2018). The basic expectation is that these costs will help in determining the cost implications associated with taking up a new technology that would help build cloud computing capabilities for a business.
Example : An example of an OpEx is cost of printer cartridges and paper.
References
Bento, A. (Ed.). (2012). Cloud Computing Service and Deployment Models: Layers and Management: Layers and Management . New York, NY: IGI Global.
Nayyar, A. (2019). Handbook of Cloud Computing: Basic to Advance research on the concepts and design of Cloud Computing . Washington, DC: BPB Publications.
Wahiduzzaman, M., & Faruqui, N. (2018). Learning Cloud Computing: A Journey from Basic to Advance Level . Independently Published
