Introduction
The human body is made up of various systems that are a result of the coordination of different organs. Among the important systems are the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the cardiovascular system. The nervous system involves the transfer and the integration of information between the brain and the nerves while the endocrine system deals with the production of hormones to influence various processes of the body. The cardiovascular system comprises the role of the heart and the blood vessels in ensuring proper blood circulation in the body. However, these systems are prone to various toxins that jeopardize their proper functioning leading to their malfunctioning and after those pathophysiologies. The paper will focus on the different toxins affecting these systems, their similarities and the characteristics that make the toxins vulnerable to these specific systems.
The toxins affecting the three vital organs have a similar type of action in some sense. The endocrine hormones such as dioxins and PCBs interfere with the secretion, transportation, and elimination of the body's different type of hormones. They sometimes mimic the naturally occurring hormones leading to the production of more or fewer hormones than the body requires. Sometimes they even block the hormone receptors and their pathways. Similarly, toxins that affect the nervous systems such as lead, ethanol, glutamate and tetanus oxide have got an inhibiting effect on the production of hormones by the pituitary gland located in the brain as asserted by Kreuter (2014). These hormones include the human growth hormone, the thyroid stimulating hormone and the gonadotropic hormone that are primarily important for growth, blood pressure and the development of sexual organs. Cardiovascular toxins such as mercury and drugs such as marijuana and cocaine also have an inhibitory action on the production of heart hormones such as A-type natriuretic peptide and natriuretic B-type natriuretic peptide that play an important role in the promotion of vasodilatation and natriuresis (Kreuter, 2014).
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The toxins have another similarity in their causation of chronic infections in the human body. The toxins are responsible for the deterioration of the immune system of the body making it vulnerable to disease-causing organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Mason (2014) believes that various endocrine toxins such as dioxin-like compounds and pesticides may lead to adverse human health conditions such as infertility. The toxins may also be responsible for genetic mutations of the cells leading to hormonal disorders such as acromegaly and diabetes. On the other hand, toxins can also cause diseases in the nervous system such as toxic encephalopathy. The disease is caused by organic solvents like toluene and manganese and other neurotoxins. The resultant effect is the inflammation of the brain cells and subsequent memory loss and other forms of altered human brain. The cardiovascular system is also greatly affected by various diseases due to toxins. Toxins brought about by drugs such as cocaine are responsible for diseases such as blood pressure and the damaging of heart muscles (Mason, 2014). Overuse of cocaine and other drugs would also lead to a condition referred to as congestive heart failure. Other toxins such as amphetamine can affect the heart’s normal rhythm of action leading to tachycardia.
In conclusion, these toxins are vital in disorganizing the body system in many ways among them being the inhibition of the production of hormones and the direct causation of diseases. Once the hormone system is altered, various life processes such as fertility and proper functioning of the organs are affected. In disease causation, the toxins play both a direct and indirect role. The direct role involves mutation of the cells and the introduction of harmful chemicals that cause permanent alteration of the cells while indirectly involves the compromise of the body's immune system leading to subsequent attacks by pathogens.
References
Kreuter, J. (2014). Drug delivery to the central nervous system by polymeric nanoparticles: what do we know?. Advanced drug delivery reviews , 71 , 2-14 .
Mason, L. H., Harp, J. P., & Han, D. Y. (2014). Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity. BioMed research international , 2014 .
