Heart disease is recognized as the major cause of death in America with coronary artery disease, which is the most common type of heart disease. A heart disease involves an impaired coronary artery blood flow that results in major need of surgery. Evidence reveals that an estimate of 395,000 individuals in the United States have undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) procedure. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery refers to a surgical procedure of revascularization, which assists in reestablishment of blood flow to an ischemic heart by avoiding the coronary artery stenosis ( Katherine, 2014).
Heart disease is caused by the buildup of plague in the coronary arteries, which constricts the arterial lumen. This limits the amount of blood rich in oxygen reaching the myocardium. The major aim of the CABG is to reestablish sufficient oxygenation and perfusion to the heart. Additionally, surgery helps to reveal the symptoms of CABG including fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and chest pain as well as improving the function of cardiac organs, and the general quality of life of a patient ( Katherine, 2014).
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The risks associated with CABG include changes in cognition and death, acute kidney injury, dysrhythmias, pneumonia, stroke, heart failure, myocardial infraction, wound/incisional infection, and bleeding during or after the surgery ( Katherine, 2014).
Getting ready for CABG involves preoperative evaluation. Patients are required to undergo a thorough cardiac workup before the surgery that includes any comorbidities, allergies, information about the current medications, physical examination, and health history. In addition, diagnostic tests including cardiac catheterization, stress test, echocardiogram, ECG, and chest X-ray ( Katherine, 2014).
After the surgery, most patients are monitored closely for a period of 24 hours or taken directly to the ICU. Some complications can occur in the postoperative, which requires appropriate management to ensure healthy progress of a patient. Modification of lifestyle after surgery is crucial in decreasing the progression of CAD and its impacts on the coronary bypass grafts. The long-term quality health of patients relies on healthy lifestyle recommendations ( Katherine, 2014).
Reference
Katherine, P. (2014). Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Nursing Critical Care, 9(6), p 38-41. Retrieved from: https://journals.lww.com/nursingcriticalcare/Fulltext/2014/11000/Coronary_Artery_Bypass_Grafting.7.aspx
