The sample paper under review is a psychology paper that is aimed at describing the genesis of clinical psychology and how it has evolved over time. The paper has provided details of the beginning of the field of clinical psychology and the various contributions of the psychologists believed to form the basis of this field. It has also indicated the links of psychology and mental health issues. However, there are various concerns on the general elements in writing and formatting.
Content accuracy
The accuracy of the content in the paper is very low with such descriptions as psychology focusing on treating mental disorders being shallow. There are various fields of psychology that do not involve treating mental disorders such as occupational psychology (Brazier, 2018). The introductory paragraph also hints to discuss on the distinctions of psychology from other professions which does not happen. Even though psychology can be traced back to the Greeks in the ancient times of the 17 th century, the idea of dualism, the two entities of body and mind, was introduced to this field by a French philosopher Rene Descartes ( Harré, 2017 ). The author of this paper indicates that the idea of mind and body entities was introduced by the Greeks which is inaccurate ( Cherry, 2019 ).
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Content clarity
The content of this paper is not clear in various sections such as where the author states that mental illness has a link with the body and mind. There is need to describe their relationship for easy flow of the information. At the end of the first paragraph, the writer is not clear in the end where he finishes the by saying distinctions between psychology and other professions will be discussed to follow Some ideas have been left incomplete such as when the author talks of Witmer describing methods of treatment and diagnosis to the American Psychological Association. It is not clear what the writer means by successful intervention for a person.
Writing structure (punctuation and grammar)
There are several grammar and punctuation issues in the paper such as writing “Greeks” in lowercase. In the first line of the second paragraph, the author writes “thyme” with the intentions of meaning to say “time”. Other spelling mistakes include writing wood instead of would. The paper has numerous instances of misunderstood tense with use of present tense instead of past tense such as where the author writes that “Witmer describes his methods of diagnosis and treatment to members of the American Psychological Association”. There are also occasions where the writer has omitted the articles such as when he writes “Hippocrates was Greek physician” instead of “Hippocrates was a Greek physician”.
APA formatting
There are a lot of violations of the APA formatting standards with mistakes in various sections such as in text citing. Page numbers are not written in the in text citing using this format (Lowry, 2019). It is also a violation to provide an in text citation that has no reference in the references list. Other issues include the word conclusion being center aligned which should not be centered. On the title page, the running head is written in lowerccase and is not similar to headers of the other pages (Hughes et al., 2017). The title of the work at the beginning of the body of the paper is also not consistent with the title of the paper (Mandernach et al., 2016).
Even though there are various violations of formatting, content accuracy and writing structure, the paper offers a description on the history and the beginning off the field of psychology. The writer needs to learn the APA formatting regulations and the referencing using this format. Correcting these issues would have a clear and proper delivery of the intended information.
References
Brazier, Y., (2018). What is psychology and what does it involve? Medical News Today, retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154874.php
Cherry, K., (2019). The Origins of Psychology: From Philosophical Beginnings to the Modern Day. Verywellmind, retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/a-brief-history-of psychology-through-the-years-2795245
Harré, R. (2017). Wittgenstein and psychology: A practical guide. Routledge.
Hughes, J. L., Brannan, D., Cannon, B., Camden, A. A., & Anthenien, A. M. (2017). Conquering APA style: Advice from APA style experts. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research , 22(3), 154.
Lowry, P. B. (2019). An Emerging Scholar's Guide to More Effective Citation of Sources and Management of Citations. Available at SSRN 3367239.
Mandernach, B. J., Zafonte, M., & Taylor, C. (2016). Instructional Strategies to Improve College Students' APA Style Writing. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education , 27(3), 407-412.
