Question 1
Biological forces are factors which people have power over them. They include health and genetics factors. For example, people can be able to control heart condition, menopause, and diabetes to mention but a few. Psychological forces entail personality, cognitive, and internal linked factors which slow down people’s development as they get old. The forces entail people’s code of conducts, which is observable and not observable and also emotions.
Conversely, the social-cultural forces offer a context on how people live in their own life. The forces range from places where people grew up, financial standing, and social standing to their ethnic environment and background. Lastly, life cycle forces major significantly on the integration of the above forces and an attempt of discerning the difference of how the forces affect individuals differently in their lives (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2019).
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Question 2
The primary method used to study adult aging is systematic observation. In the technique, the observer pays significant attention to a person of interest and then records what the participant does for a specific period before making a judgment on key identifiable behaviors (Andrea Vázquez et al., 2018). The naturalistic observation occurs when a data collector personally observes an environment and may encompass a person’s real-life spontaneous circumstances. Further, a structured observation method is used to determine an individual designed situation. From the above process, a self-report sampling technique is used to measure individual weaknesses and strengths when answering questions regarding a particular position or topic.
Question 3
In 2016, a study was conducted that analyzed gender roles and depression in people above sixty-five years, and it involved both sexes. The study employed a questionnaire to gather data, and sampling method was used to analyze the data in five countries (Vafaei et al., 2016). It was deduced from the data given that women and men are unidentified, feminine, masculine, and androgynous. The research aligns with multidirectional point of view. Accordingly, when a person fits a specific gender, they are less depressed in future.
References
Cavanaugh, J.C., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2019). Adult Development and Aging . Boston, MA: Cengage.
Vafaei, A., Ahmed, T., Freire, A. D. N. F., Zunzunegui, M. V., & Guerra, R. O. (2016). Depression, sex and gender roles in older adult populations: The international Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). PloS one , 11 (1), e0146867.
Vázquez, A., Jenaro, C., Flores, N., Bagnato, M. J., Pérez, M. C., & Cruz, M. (2018). E-health interventions for adult and aging population with intellectual disability: a review. Frontiers in psychology , 9 .
