Diabetes is nowadays a very common disorder. There are three categories of diabetes Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age but usually occurs during childhood or early adulthood (JDRF, 2018). Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. With this type of diabetes, an individual’s pancreas produces little or no insulin at all. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system of the body attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This type of diabetes may be caused by genetic predisposition. The condition can also be as a result of faulty beta cells in the pancreas. The early signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, blurry vision, tingling, numbness, patches of dark skin, and itching and yeast infections. There is numerous complication associated with type 1 diabetes. Many of them stem from damage to the tiny blood vessels in your eye, nerves, and kidneys. Serious complications include increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and is usually discovered during adulthood. With type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does not use insulin correctly or does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar level (JDRF, 2018). Type 2 diabetes results in insulin deficiency as it worsens. This type of diabetes is cause by lifestyles such as taking food rich in calories and lack of exercises. Just like type 1 diabetes, the early signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, blurry vision, tingling, numbness, patches of dark skin, and itching and yeast infections. Just like type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes also increases the risks of heart disease and stroke.
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Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that women get when they are pregnant, especially when they are in the second trimester of pregnancy (JDRF, 2018). This type of diabetes occurs rarely, and unlike Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes tends to disappear once the baby is born. When pregnant, women produce a large number of hormones. As a result, these hormones can make the body resistant to the effects of insulin (JDRF, 2018). A pregnant woman’s insulin requirement triples by the time she reaches the third trimester. The blood glucose levels start to rise in case the pancreas fail to match this increased demand. However, blood glucose returns to normal after pregnancy. Gestational diabetes does not result in noticeable signs or symptoms for most women (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Gestational can result in the following complications; an extra-large baby, high blood pressure, and low blood pressure.
References
JDRF. (2018). What is the Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes? [Online]. Available at: https://jdrf.org.uk/information-support/about-type-1-diabetes/what-is-the-difference-between-type-1-and-type-2-diabetes/ . Accessed 29th April 2019.
Mayo Clinic. (2017). Gestational Diabetes. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339 . Accessed 29th April 2019.
