Schizophrenia is a long tie mental illness that causes a breakdown in the relation between emotion, thought, and behavior (Searles, 2018). Currently, there is no lab or physical test that can be used to diagnose Schizophrenia comprehensively. The available physical tests can only be used to rule out other conditions, such as metabolic disorders and seizure disorders that may have similar symptoms. Schizophrenia is normally diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, which include positive and negative symptoms.
The positive symptoms of this condition refer to the things that may start happening in the event someone has this disorder. They include hallucinations, delusions, movement disorders, trouble in concentrating as well as disorganized speech and confused thoughts, Eichner and Berna, 2016). A person suffering from this condition may feel, smell, see, or hear things that no one else does. The person may also have strange delusions like feel they are a superhero or someone is after their life or is trying to control their brain in one way or another. Also, organizing their thoughts may be difficult, and their speech may come out disorganized. Their movement is also strange, and they may seem jumpy, or they may repeat a movement several times a condition referred to as catatonic by experts.
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The negative symptoms of Schizophrenia refer to the things that may stop happening in the event an individual is suffering from this disorder. The condition leads to the absence of normal mental functioning. The negative symptoms include withdrawal, flattening, lack of speech, and trouble with speech, (Marder, and Galderisi, 2017). A person with this disorder may stop enjoying things they used to like such as their hobbies a condition known as anhedonia. The person may also show signs of withdrawal by avoiding contact with other people as well as their speech sound flat when they speak. They may also lack concentration or follow-up on anything they do.
References
Cropley, V., Ganella, E., Wannan, C., Zalesky, A., Van Rheenen, T., Bousman, C., ... & Pantelis, C. (2018). t157. Front striatal connectivity in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: relationship to positive symptoms and cognitive flexibility. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(suppl_1), S176-S177.
Eichner, C., & Berna, F. (2016). Acceptance and efficacy of metacognitive training (MCT) on positive symptoms and delusions in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis taking into account important moderators. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(4), 952-962.
Marder, S. R., & Galderisi, S. (2017). The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry, 16(1), 14-24.
Searles, H. F. (2018). Collected papers on schizophrenia and related subjects. Routledge.
