Sleep is crucial in human cognitive and physiological functions. Sleep deprivation is common in day to day life (Uddin, 2015). Reasons for poor sleep hygiene include technology, stimulants, and alcohol and caffeine intakes, which prevents the achievement of sufficient sleep quality and time. This paper is an annotated bibliography of five articles addressing whether sleep deprivation impacts short-term memory.
Chraif, M. (2012). The influence of sleep deprivation on short term memory and attention to details in young students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences , 33 , 1052-1056.
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The article presented a study highlighting the influence on a one-day of sleep deprivation on attention to detail task and short term memory. The researcher hypothesized a statistically significant influence of inadequate sleep on attention to detail tasks and short term memory in young students, measured by a tachistoscopic test. The study used 74 young students aged 19 - 24 years from the University of Bucharest (Chraif, 2012). The researcher utilized sleep deprivation as the independent variable in the experimental design, and independent variables as the number of correctly recognized stimuli as well as the number of incorrectly measured stimuli in percentiles. The results indicated the impacts of sleep deprivation on learning and short-term memory. The results relate to my study because the researcher revealed the consequences of sleep deprivation on attention, memory, and visual perception field in obtaining effective results for the short run. The study indicated that human beings enter into activated states as defense reactions to sleep deprivation.
Ghanbari, I., Taheri, H. R., & Sohrabi, M. (2019). The Effects of 24-Hour Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive and Motor Skills of Male College Students. Annals of Applied Sport Science , 7 (1), 27-38.
The article presented a study that focused on evaluating the impacts of a one-day sleep (24 hours) deprivation on university students’ motor and cognitive skills. The methodology used volunteer participants consisting of 290 male students between the age of 19 and 25 years. The participants were divided randomly into two groups of motor cognitive task tests after primary screenings. The motor group participants' categorization included different groups of mental, observational, physical, and combined training, while paired control groups took part I badminton training for a short service. Cognitive tests included working memory test, reaction time, and attention. The experimental group received a 24-hour sleep deprivation training while the training for the control group did not include sleep deprivation. All the subjects were trained using their routine training method in the acquisition stage, and they followed normal day-night sleep patterns after training. Short-service retention tests were taken from participants after the acquisition, at 24, 72, and 168 hours. The results indicated that sleep deprivation significantly affected skill acquisition in the mental training group in relation to the retention tests. The results relate to my research on the impacts of sleep deprivation on short-term memory. Ghanbari et al., (2019) indicated that some cognitive functions such as working memory suffer under conditions of sleep deprivation.
McCann, M., Bayliss, D. M., Anderson, M., Campbell, C., French, N., McMichael, J., ... & Bucks, R. S. (2018). The relationship between sleep problems and working memory in children born very preterm. Child Neuropsychology , 24 (1), 124-144.
The article by McCann et al. (2018) presented a study that focused on investigating relationships between working memory performance and sleep infants born very-preterm and the possible mechanisms that underlie the relationships. The researchers used two studies. The 1 st study's methodology involved the collection of measures of the quality of night sleep, snoring, and sleepiness during the day, as reported by parents of 89 children born very preterm, aged 6-7 years. The participants completed measures of verbal storage capacity and processing speed, as well as a verbal working memory task. The results indicated that sleep quality during night time had associations with the performance of verbal working memory above and over the variance related to individual differences in storage capacity and processing speed. The 2 nd study involved the introduction of direct measures of executive functions and examinations of impacts of sleep challenges. The study focused on executive functions of born very-preterm infants, relative to those born to term. The 2 nd study’s methodology encompassed collection of parent-reported sleep problems on 48 infants born to term and 43 born very preterm, aged 6 to 9 years. The results indicated that problematic sleep adversely affected executive functioning. The study by McCann et al. (2018) related to my research project because it indicates the impacts of sleep deprivation of memory. The 1 st study suggested that poor sleep impacts the executive components of working memory, while the 2 nd implicated executive dysfunctions as mechanisms through which problematic sleep affects cognition very-preterm born children. The study suggested that sleep deprivation increases cognitive vulnerabilities experienced by a wide range of children born very preterm.
Rossi, V. C., Tiba, P. A., Moreira, K. D. M., Ferreira, T. L., Oliveira, M. G. M., & Suchecki, D. (2014). Effects of sleep deprivation on different phases of memory in the rat: dissociation between contextual and tone fear conditioning tasks — frontiers in behavioral neuroscience , 8 , 389.
The article by Rossi et al. (2014) presented a study that focused on evaluating the impacts of contextual and tone fear conditioning pre-training on various stages of learning processes in rats. The researchers initially trained rats in fear and contextual learning conditioning tasks before submitting them to sleep deprivation to determine the impacts of the manipulation on various stages of learning processes. The stages evaluated included encoding and stabilization of new information, the recall of stored memories, and uptake of new information during learning. The study’s methodology encompassed training of rats and then distributing them to various modified platform paradigms for 98 hours. The researchers then submitted subgroups of eight rats in every experiment or group to the tests of the tasks immediately after sleep deprivation. The study indicated that pre-training sleep deprivation impaired recall in the tone of fear conditioning and contextual tasks. The impairments were not state-dependent. The study also indicated that pre-test sleep deprivation effectively prevented the extinction of the learned tasks. The findings relate to my research project because they indicates that sleep deprivation impacts short-term memory. The study indicated that sleep deprivation interferes with memory acquisition and retrieval.
Uddin, A. (2015). Effect of sleep on vigilance, short-term memory, and learning in college students.
The study by Uddin (2015) focused on examining the impacts of sleep on short-term memory, learning, and vigilance. The researcher used a qualitative methodology involving the collection of GPA and sleep data using self-reported questionnaires. The study measured learning and memory using subsets of various assessments of learning and memory. Uddin (2015) collected data from twenty participating students to distinguish a .90 effect size with at least a .80 power. The researcher stratified test assumptions before analysis using SPSS. The study compared the differences between inadequate and adequate sleep on learning short-term memory and vigilance measures using independent samples t -tests. The results indicated that inadequate sleep critically impacted learning and short-term memory. The findings of the study related to my research because they indicate significance impairment in short-term memory because of sleep deprivation. The study illustrated that sleep deprivation increases phases of lowered reactive capacities and the occurrence of lapses, which prevent items from encoding in short-term memory.
References
Chraif, M. (2012). The influence of sleep deprivation on short term memory and attention to details in young students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences , 33 , 1052-1056.
Ghanbari, I., Taheri, H. R., & Sohrabi, M. (2019). The Effects of 24-Hour Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive and Motor Skills of Male College Students. Annals of Applied Sport Science , 7 (1), 27-38.
McCann, M., Bayliss, D. M., Anderson, M., Campbell, C., French, N., McMichael, J., ... & Bucks, R. S. (2018). The relationship between sleep problems and working memory in children born very preterm. Child Neuropsychology , 24 (1), 124-144.
Rossi, V. C., Tiba, P. A., Moreira, K. D. M., Ferreira, T. L., Oliveira, M. G. M., & Suchecki, D. (2014). Effects of sleep deprivation on different phases of memory in the rat: dissociation between contextual and tone fear conditioning tasks — frontiers in behavioral neuroscience , 8 , 389.
Uddin, A. (2015). Effect of sleep on vigilance, short-term memory, and learning in college students.
