The Civil Rights Movement in the US began changing in the early twentieth century when it began having a national appeal. There were mass protest movements against discrimination and racial segregation especially in the South ( Winter, 2014) . However, the civil rights movement dates back many centuries ago through the efforts of African American slaves and their descendants to abolish slavery and end oppression ( Winter, 2014) . Although African Americans had been granted civil rights after the fifteenth and fourteenth amendments, they were struggling to secure federal protection of their civil rights. The twentieth century marked the beginning of non-violent protests that led to the end of the norm of public facilities and some events being segregated according to race especially in the South ( Winter, 2014) . It was one of the most critical breakthroughs for African Americans in their efforts to achieve equal rights. The research paper will evaluate the early civil rights movement and the need for different groups during the civil rights movement.
During the late 19 th century and during the Reconstruction, African Americans had few leadership opportunities. However, the early twentieth century led to a significant shift. African Americans took up more leadership roles than ever before as the sought various legislative changes that would give them the power to do away with Jim Crow laws that segregated African Americans. Before World War II, most African Americans were low wage servants, farmers, domestics, or factory workers. During the early 1940s, war-related professions were booming but few African Americans were offered well-paying jobs and they were restricted from joining the army. However, many African Americans threatened to march to Washington and demand equality. Therefore, Preside Franklin D. Roosevelt made an executive order that opened carious government jobs and defence jobs for all Americans regardless of national origin, race, colour, or creed. When President Harry Truman made an executive order to end discrimination in the military in 1948, he may have initiated the civil right agenda. The efforts to achieve equality in the early twentieth century set a stage for various grassroots campaigns that incited the civil rights movements and the bid to enact racial equality legislation in the 1950s and 1960s.
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There were many civil rights groups in the twentieth century but they all had a common goal. Most of the civil rights groups differed in the techniques to achieve the goal of equality. Additionally, nonviolent protest required the support of not only the minority African American population but also the rest of the country ( Chong, 2014) . Therefore, it was necessary to have different groups that could acquire support from different parts of the country. During the early twentieth century, Black churches were the main means were the only type of black dominated organizations that could achieve a high level of support among African Americans ( Chong, 2014) . Therefore, it was necessary to have organizations that could appeal to African Americans with different religions and beliefs.
Additionally, to achieve equality, the civil rights movements had to seek support from the federal government and white liberals. Therefore, most of the protests were spontaneous and they mainly focused on specific or local goals. The boycotts, marches, freedom rides, and sit-ins started through the spontaneous protests. Also, different civil rights groups were necessary to wear down the white community in many sectors of the community especially the business sector so that they could demand change ( Chong, 2014) . Moreover, African Americans had many needs that could not be effectively achieved through one civil rights group. Some of the civil rights groups included Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) ( Chong, 2014) . Although the different groups were not united regarding tactics and strategy and they had members from various backgrounds and classes, they had a similar goal of reforming aspects of racism in the society and the elimination of Jim Crow segregation.
References
Chong, D. (2014). Collective action and the civil rights movement . University of Chicago Press.
Winter, M. (2014). Civil Rights Movement . ABDO.
