Background information on spermatids toxicants
Spermatids cause harms to the reproductive system of both men and women by reducing fertility rate. The problems originate from an increased level of oxidative stress and they result in damage to the DNA. There are various causes of spermatid toxicants such as cigarette smoking in men, exposure to pesticides, and exposure to numerous other chemicals such as ethylene, dibromide, and chlordecone chemicals (Mao et al., 2018). Research reveals that excessive smoking has a significant impact on reducing sperm production and has the effect of increased oxidative stress which reduces fertility in men. This information indicates that sperms from smokers have a low fertilizing capability showing that such chemicals usually impact on fertility rate among men. Exposing people to pesticides such as carbaryl insecticide comes into human conduct in the manufacturing sectors, crop specks of dust, and it is associated with various adverse effects in the human reproductive system. Reproductive problems associated with carbaryl chemical include pregnancy loss, infertility, and stillbirth. This paper examines the adverse effects of spermatid toxicants on the human reproductive system.
Effects of spermatid on reproduction
Spermatids causes affect the reproduction system in males by targeting three main cells including Sertoli cells, Leydig cell, and the blood-testis barrier which cause the germ cell apoptosis and spermatogenic failure. These effects result in the depletion of maturing germ cells and reduction of testosterone levels in the males. The most common effect of on the Sertoli cells results from the 2-Ethylhexyl chemical which targets the Sertoli cells (Ekaputri et al., 20180. The effects of such toxicants occur in males by causing secondary division in meiosis thus reducing fertility. Meiosis occurs only in testis in men where the 4n nuclear in primary spermatocyte is divided into 2n which further disintegrates into 1n nuclear thus forming spermatid. The primary objective of spermiogenesis is the production of a spermatozoon that is expected to move faster to fertilize an egg.
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Exposure to spermatoid toxicant leads to unusual reorganization in the testis which prevents the production of spermatozoa capable of fertilizing the egg. The effects of such chemicals in the reproduction system are associated with the reduction of sperm count among males which results in reduced fertility. The sperms lead to the production of immature sperms that are incapable of fertilizing the egg. For example, fertility in men occurs whenever there is a production of sperms with nuclear and that can flow swiftly to fertilize the egg in the uterus. However, these chemicals reduce the ability to develop mature sperms capable of fertilizing the egg. For instance, a study conducted relating to sperm concentration revealed that out of 70 million cells found in human sperms changed to 46 million cells (Ekaputri et al., 2018). This information indicates that spermatids have significant effects in reducing the fertility rare by reducing the testosterone level and production of sperms that cannot swim swiftly to fertilize the egg.
Ways Exposure to the Toxicant Might Be Limited, Treated, and Effects Reversed
In an attempt of reducing the effects of spermatids, it is essential for organizations and healthcare campaigns to be conducted with an objective of creating awareness about the effects of chemicals on the reproduction system. The campaign should emphasize on offering providing education to people in the childbearing age in the work environment by highlighting some of the genetic problems that would accrue as a result of increased level of exposure to some chemicals. Some of the problems should include some of the diseases recognized genetic diseases in the family or at the individual level (Ekaputri et al., 2018). Research reveals that lack of awareness about the effects that different chemicals may cause in the human body has been the reason behind increased level of infertility among men. This process needs to be accompanied by regulation on the use of some chemicals both at the industrial or household level such as emphasizing on the use of protective garments whenever handling some chemicals. Despite the increased campaign for creating awareness among workers about the effects of spermatids, it is evident that the number of men with infertility problems has been significantly increasing thus calling for a need of ways that can be applied in reducing such effects.
In the treatment and reversal of the affected individuals, there is a need for applying hyperbaric oxygen therapy to improve the level of fertility in males. The effects of spermatids reveal through reduction of sperm DNA fragmentation a level in men and also the decline in reactive oxygen species in semen thus reducing the fertility rate in men (Metelev et al., 2015). These problems result in the ejaculation problem in men and hyperbaric oxygen treatment becomes an appropriate way of reducing such effects among men. This treatment approach is designed to restore treat and restore maturity in men by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species in semen. The effects of this treatment occur through the increased ability of the victim to fertilize.
Recent research findings
Spermatid toxicants have caused adverse effects in male fertility due to increased exposure to chemicals such as pesticides and increased smoking among men. A research conducted to investigate a viable treatment approach revealed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy appeared to be the successful treatment approach for treating men with fertility problems. DNA fragmentation and reduced reactive oxygen appeared to the causes of declining fertility rate which originated from exposure to different chemicals. The research was conducted on sixty patients who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy and 30 men in the control group (.Metelev et al., 2015). The results indicated that there was a decline in the level of mean DNA fragmentation from 33.2 to 11.9 showing the effectiveness of the treatment process.
References
Ekaputri, T. W., Sari, I. P., & Rizal, D. M. (2018). The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Piper nigrum L. Fruit on Reproductive System in Adult Male Wistar Rats: A Study of FSH, LH, Testosterone Level and Spermatogenic Cells. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy , 29 (3), 136.
Mao, B. P., Li, L., Yan, M., Lian, Q., Ge, R., & Cheng, C. Y. (2018). Environmental toxicants and cell polarity in the testis. Reproductive Toxicology .
Metelev, A. Y., Bogdanov, A. B., Ivkinl, E. V., Mitrokhin, A. A., Vodneva, M. M., & Veliev, E. I. (2015). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of male infertility associated with increased sperm DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species in semen. Urologiia (Moscow, Russia: 1999) , (5), 74-76.
