Summary
El Adlouni, Beaulieu, Ouarda, Gosselin and Saint-Hilaire’s article on the effects of climate as a result of the West Nile Virus (WNV) transmission risk, attempts to offer the best strategy to reduce the emergence and re-emergence rate of this vector-borne disease (El Adlouini et al., 2007). Therefore, public health managers that implement the initiative to use larvicides, therefore, can use information on this article to predict the re-emergence of the WNV and reduce the epidemic levels experienced in the past.
The report is based on a two-part study that explores the exploratory conditions at which the virus emerges under the particular weather. The authors have published the results of this study where the first part shows that the climatic situation of the year 2002 which include the below -5ᵒC degree days in the winter and greater than 25ᵒC degree-days in the summer (El Adlouini et al., 2007). The other part of this study focused on the simultaneous observations of the extreme conditions and how it relates to the spread of the virus.The authors, therefore, conclude that based on informed predictions, the use of larvicides will make reduce the rate of the aviary and human infections of WNV as a solution. They then present a model that can sabotage the speed of disease by reducing the use of larvicides in the summer to reduce the risks encountered in the preceding winter.
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Discussion
El Aldlouni (et al., 2007) argue that the West Nile Virus which first emerged in North America in 1999 through spread by migratory birds. However, the amplifying conditions that enable the emergence of disease is the anomalous weather. The public environmental problem associated with the appearance of illness is the spread of encephalitis which increases in summer. This is because of the effects of the higher temperatures that enable the development of the mosquito larvae after incubation (El Adlouini et al., 2007). The authors make a valid argument when they point out the paradox in the high temperatures as having a positive impact on the virus development while at the same time killing mosquitos.
The authors’ intended audience is the public health managers and the ministries that deal with the health and social welfare of citizens. Such agencies can use this article to develop strategies that address the legitimacy of using larvicides as solutions to reduce the spread of WNV. The agencies also rely on evidence from the study to identify the changes in the climatic conditions in countries and determine the probability of similar weather patterns in the future. Since the results show that the climate has nothing to do with the emergence of WNV because despite the changes people still suffered infections.
The article also depicts public principles in the process of establishing clear guidelines for future implementation programs that evaluate and manage the emergence and spread of vector-borne diseases. This is the consensual collection of information and the use of this information for its intended purpose. The authors have accomplished this by publishing the actual causal factors that cause the spread of WNV to determine the use of larvicides so as to ensure that all people have trust in the ministries that are effective in protecting the environment and the public health. The second principle is the advocacy and empowerment factors of collaboration with the different public health ministries and departments of social welfare to produce a multiagency collaboration in improving the health of the people they serve.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the data collected, the authors make viable conclusions which suggest that the use of a single variable is more limiting than the utilization of a bivariate model in evaluating the emergence and reemergence of the West Nile Virus (El Adlouini et al., 2007). This conclusion helps support the identified problem of inability to predict increased WNV infections during the summer. By using the bivariate model, the agencies involved can intervene by using larvicides to reduce the amplified rate of larval development in mosquitoes.
References
El Adlouni, S., Beaulieu, C., Ouarda, T. B., Gosselin, P. L., & Saint-Hilaire, A. (2007). Effects of climate on West Nile Virus transmission risk used for public health decision-making in Quebec. International Journal of Health Geographics , 6 (1), 1.
