Introduction
The power and speed of computers have been on the rise exponentially over the past decades. The recent developments have seen the introduction of modern computer architectures with the transition from the single and multi-core central processing units to the heterogeneous CPUs. This research aims to create a software library that will exploit the heterogeneous parallel computers for the future and allow the system developers to create systems that are more efficient in terms of computation and consumption of power ( Aktas, 2017) . An analysis of the trends in the advancement of computer technology shows that the development of heterogeneous CPUs in smartphones and other mobile computing devices is based on multi-core chips. Most of the existing software libraries, frameworks, and patterns are however not developed for the multi-core chips or the heterogeneous computing environments ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . The fact that the software developers are not accustomed to writing software for multi-core architectures necessitates for the full exploitation of the new hardware architectures to their potential. An analysis of the emerging technologies can aid in the recommendation of how business organizations can exploit the advancements to improve on their profitability.
Transitions in Processors
The transitions in the system of computer processing are attributed to the foundations of Moore’s Law. Most of the software and systems engineers believe in this theorem, which states that over the history of hardware, the processing speed on integrated circuits doubles every two years. This law emphasizes that the transistor density on microchips becomes twice as it was every after 18 months ( Aktas, 2017) . However, in the recent past, CPU manufacturers have refrained from focusing on the clock speed and are now emphasizing on the multi-core and special-purpose cores having deeper memory architectures. The increase in the performance of individual computer processors has been found out to be in the order of 10,000 times over the last two decades of the 20 century ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . This comes with advances that are meant to regulate the substantial increase in the costs and the levels of power consumption.
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The future growth in computer performance is attributed to the developments in parallelism ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . Most of the contemporary system software developers think and program using the application of the sequential programming model that creates software for single general-purpose microprocessors. In the past, the heterogeneous, multi-core architectures were heavily attributed to the gaming systems ( Aktas, 2017) . In the current developments, the high-performance computing (HPC) community has largely advanced to the heterogeneous and multi-core architectures. The developments in the computer architecture allow for high-level computations, while users are advanced to the application of the three-dimensional physics simulations. It is imperative that the HPC systems will become the widely used applications that will be availed to the current users.
The International Supercomputing Conference releases the Top500 supercomputer lists containing the number of hybrid systems, where there has been an improvement and the flexibility of the GPUs and other co-processors ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . On the other hand, the involvement of Intel in this field has led to anticipation of improvements in the development of these hybrid systems ( Aktas, 2017) . The first phase of this research involves the application of the HPC architectures in the simulation of future computer architectures and the development of software libraries, best practices, and patterns that can be applied by the community of software developers, which is also defined in the core values of integrity. The focal point is on the graph analytics, which is found out to be the algorithms that operate on graphs ( Wright & Conte, 2018) . Graph analytics is widely used in fields such as commerce and science, where they highlight the relationships that might be obscured by data. The best example of the system that can be graphically represented is the social network, where the individual components are the people, while the connections that these components form represent the social relationships.
Processing Power
The progress in computing technology can be analyzed from the comparison of characteristics of some of the primary characteristics of the conventional and modern machines. The Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM) occupied several post-office racks of electronics made out of the vacuum tubes ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . These machines had the capability of executing 700 instructions per second, while they could consume 3.5 kW of electric power. In the mid-1980s, the ARM processor was developed, where it could execute 6 million instructions per second using 0.1 W. as of today, typical power-efficient embedded processors such as the ARM968 occupies more 0.4mm 2 on the surface of the silicon chip, while it uses a process of 130nm ( Aktas, 2017) . This processor is found out to have much capacity in its registers as compared to that developed with the SSEM. The ARM968 processor has the capability of delivering about 20 million instructions per second, while its electricity power budget is approximately 20mW.
The best way of making comparisons on the performance of these processors is through the analysis of their energy efficiency, which is the energy consumed to execute a single instruction. SSEM used 5 joules per instruction, while ARM 1 consumed 15 nanojoules per instruction ( Aktas, 2017) . On its part, the ARM968 uses 100 picojoules to execute a single instruction. The ration of energy required to execute a single instruction between SSEM and ARM968 points out to the staggering improvements in the energy-efficiency of the computers over the last 6 decades by a factor of 5 x 10 10 .
The current research on processors is highly focused on the chip-level advances that transmit data using lasers instead of wires to circuits made from new materials and those that leave out the conventional silicon materials out ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . The close analysis of the conventional microprocessors shows that there are millions of tiny wires going in each way to connect its active elements. However, the current research has led to the development of the flashing germanium (Ge) lasers that have replaced the wires in terms of transmission of the data via infrared light. As processors are getting more cores and components, the interconnection between these wires become clogged with data, which weakens the processing power ( Aktas, 2017) . The invention of the use of photons as opposed to the use of electrons has highly improved the processing power of the computer infrastructure.
The role that Computer Plays in Meeting the Organizational Needs
Computers use smart sensors that are helpful in the healthcare industry. Most of the business organizations are using this technology to locate devices used in different applications at a personal and organizational level ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . The smart sensors space gives the requirement that the process of computation should be carried out within constraints such as tight energy, form factor, and lower costs. The need for greater computational capabilities has been highly driven by the importance of filtering and processing data from the point of generation or collection ( Aktas, 2017) . The best applications are creating the distinctions between the nominal biometric signal and the anomaly, where the energy requirement for the communication of data outweighs that required for computation. Such environments have brought about new opportunities such as designing systems that can leverage intermittent power, extreme low voltage design and new storage technologies such as NVRAM. The fact that the sensors are becoming more critical to health means that their security and reliability should be assured including the design correctness of the hardware and software components to assure the integrity of data, especially among health practitioners.
The movement to the portable edge devices has also enhanced the system of communication in organizations as a way of meeting the organizational needs. The current advances in portable computing markets have led to the explosive growth in the smartphone sales that have recently eclipsed the PC market ( Shalf & Leland, 2015) . The developments in the computer infrastructure have led to simpler customer relationship management, and the management of information systems due to the expansion of the data sharing capabilities of the computer systems ( Aktas, 2017) . On the other hand, inventory management systems have the ability to track the quantity of each item that a company maintains, which has automated the system of ordering for additional stock when quantities fall below the predetermined amount. Computer technology has also improved the levels of integrity and accountability among business partners as it has automated functions such as auditing of accounts.
Conclusion
It is imperative that transitions in computer technology are driven by the Moore’s Law, which is essentially the fulfilling prophecy that acts as a planning tool for business organizations. The analysis of the trends in computer technology can help in understanding how these transitions can help meet the organizational or personal needs. This analysis shows that there have been transformations in the computer architecture in terms of the processing power of information and the data storage capacity. Business organizations have leveraged on the emergence of the computer architecture to solve different problems such as tracking inventory and communication. For instance, the development of graphics processing units (GPUs) has been helpful in solving simulation problems in the scientific world. The emerging computer infrastructure has also improved the levels of integrity in the delivery of duties in business companies, which contributes to the achievement of the set objectives of the business.
References
Aktas, A. Z. (2017). Could energy hamper future developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge engineering?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews .
Shalf, J. M., & Leland, R. (2015). Computing beyond Moore's law. Computer , 48 (12), 14-23.
Wright, F. D., & Conte, T. M. (2018). Standards: Roadmapping Computer Technology Trends Enlightens Industry. Computer , (6), 100-103.
