Newspapers have long-served a fundamental purpose of spreading information to different audiences. Similarly, newspapers have also been criticized for being an avenue for fake news and propaganda since the 19 th century during the onset of the world wars. With the development of modern technology, newspapers have changed significantly in the way they are written, commercialized, and the overall structure of the content therein. In this regard, this paper focuses on highlighting the storylines of the New York Daily Times newspaper as at January 1 st , 1851 in a bid to evaluate different elements entailed in the publication and the main issue exposed to the readers of the time.
On the foremost page, the newspaper commences with a rhetoric development by William Ross Wallace on Governor Kossuth in America (The New York Times, 2018) . Lajos Kossuth was the governor-president of the Hungarian Kingdom from 1802 to 1894. Having been adored as the father of Hungarian democracy, the article focuses on his impressive figurine and the meaning of his presence in the United States. The newspaper also captured news across the globe with opinion articles from various jurisdictions being welcomed for publication. Although the newspaper avoids author’s bylines, there are clear illustrations of the opinions expressed with no indication of distortion. For instance, the English Press-Newspaper contributed to the publication by giving their outlook on the coup de tat of the France president. As opinion makers, the correspondents indicate that the victory of the president does not depend on the verbosity of the local press or that from abroad but the consistency of the coup and the emphasis created within the local political arena.
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Page 2 entails adopted writings from France and Irish backgrounds; all addressed to the editor of the New York Daily Times. The France article titled scenes of usurpation narrated on the state of unrest in Paris with an impending coup de tat. The writer indicates how he joined a demonstrating mob in a post office in Luxembourg. The major sentiments of the announcements were the dissolution of the national assembly, the re-establishment of the Universal suffrage, the state of siege in Paris, and the dissolution of the council of state ( Luttwak, 2016 ). The Irish article has more intense literature regarding the Irish Exiles. The writer addresses friends of Smith Obrien, Michelle, and Meagher to demonstrate the indignities accorded them with the aim of prejudicing Kossuth and his cause (The New York Times, 2018) . Further, the article reveals the publisher's unwillingness to withhold sensitive information. The writer indicates that a past letter vindicating the foul aspersions directed to the trio was declined for publication by columnist Courier and Enquirer who he refers to as declamatory demagogues. This demonstrates the capability of the New York Daily Times in propagating international news as seen in the modern-day news making.
The newspaper generally disproves the issues of slavery and racial bias. With no indication of articles reflecting on human co-existence within free and the slave states, there is a minimal focus on pertinent aspects of the time. Particularly, it is important to note that the publication existed amidst intense political inclinations of the North and South states of the US. Even with impactful events taking place in 1850, the newspaper projected back and included events from 1851. Particularly, following the request from California to join the Free States in 1849, the Compromise of 1850 passed five laws dealing with the slavery issue. California’s request to join the Free State offset the balance between free and slave states that comprised the North and South respectively. To avert a crisis between the North and the South, Senator Henry Clay introduced resolutions that would compromise the impending tensions of the regions. Part of the compromise yielded the amendment of the Fugitive Slave Act, the abolition of slave trade in Washington, D.C., California entry to the Union, and the creation of a territorial government in Utah (Newspaperarchive, 2018). The compromise of 1850 followed a past event of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, where legislation was passed to provide the admission of Maine as a Free State and Missouri as a slave state, hence, maintaining a balance of power within the United States Senate. Nevertheless, equality status is an important issue in the United States today, with the effortless milestones taken to realize equal representation of Americans of all orientations. As such, the media plays a commendable job in the sensitization of issues of representation across the United States.
The New York Daily Times newspaper captures minor and major advertisements ( Usher, 2014 ). Although this is the case, there is no much graphics development to make the advertisements more appealing. In structured columns, they address new entries in the market and the ongoing projects that were of significant interest at the time. Business advertisements notable from the newspaper related to business Copartnerships, coal, dry goods, and financial insights. Copartnerships referred to major business partnerships between merchants. The merchants featured in this publication include Rich & Co and 146 Water-et, who manufactured safes. In addition, limited partnerships are indicated in the publication. George W. Quinby and Walter Bowne are highlighted as general and special partners respectively. Liverpool and Red Ash Egg and Stove Coal Afloat and Lackawanna Coal were featured in the publication advertising coal retail. Further, in the dry goods section, Dobmus and Nixon advertised their supply of goods such as linen and cotton sheeting, Huck and French linen napkins, glass linen, and Brussels tapestry carpet. Their adverts targeted all owners of steamers, sail vessels, and public houses. Also, California blankets and 376 Broadway advertised on dry goods section giving customer information on new inputs in the market and their availability status. A segment that comprised of insurance advertisements was featured by the New York Bowery fire insurance company, The Brooklyn Fire Insurance Company, and the Office of the City Fire Insurance Company. The financial sector captured Virginia 6 % coupon bonds, the sale of $3000000 Bonds of the New York, and Fire Railroad Company. Other financial inclusions were announcements put up by Knickerbocker Savings Bank, Greenwich Savings Bank, Irving Bank, Irving Savings Institution, Bank Notice, and The Empire city Bank (The New York Times, 2018) .
Another section of the newspaper titled New Publications featured a variety of commercials directed to promoting new book arrivals. First, there is the chosen standard and attractive books. This column highlighted books recommendations, which served as forms of advertisements. In roman bullets, some of the books advertised in this section were; Washington Irving’s works, Fennimore Cooper’s choice Works, prior’s Edition of Goldsmith works, and Putnam’s choice library. The subsequent segment indicated Two Superb New Year Gift Books. Here the books, The Home Book of Beauty and the Home of the Picturesque were highlighted. It is worth pointing out that this section of the newspaper has received major transition in the modern world with lesser journalistic advertisements on books circulating among major newspaper editorials. With the recent development of the World Wide Web, online bookstores have changed this trend as they provide interlinks of purchase from any point of the world.
References
Luttwak, E. (2016). Coup d'etat . Harvard University Press.
Newspaperarchive. (2018). New York Daily Times, January 31, 1854: Front p. Retrieved from https://newspaperarchive.com/new-york-daily-times-jan-31-1854-p-1/
The New York Times. (2018). The New York Times: Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming: Internet Archive. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/NYTimes-Jan-Jun-1852/page/n1
Usher, N. (2014). Making News at The New York Times . University of Michigan Press.
