Creating training material is basic in companies experiencing unforeseen and control challenges. The process involves five stages. Namely, coordination needs assessment, designing, development, and implementation. The phases describe the step to step elements that project office needs to follow to facilitate the realization of desired training material. The training material's effectiveness is based on the control measures that executors put in every phase. Project controls are processes used to obtain and analyze data purposely to keep schedules and costs on track. They are essential in ensuring adherence to project implementation to planning, monitoring, communication. The paper will discuss coordination, needs assessment, designing, development, and implementation phases of creating training material and control measures.
Phase 1: Coordination
The coordination phase in developing training materials involves identifying and agreeing on different project office stakeholders' roles and responsibilities and training logistics ( Frow et al., 2015) . The project phase is concerned with clarity regarding training components that needs to be considered. It stipulates on management and their roles in material development. During the coordination phase, the decisions made have fundamental implications on material content and design, and thus, control measures such as training schedule, location, and period are essential considerations.
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Phase 2: Needs Assessment
The second stage of creating the training material of a project involves identifying the target participants' needs. Needs assessment training material part can be achieved by gathering information related to project office personnel on their current roles, knowledge gaps, and forecasting outcome in case of a successful training process ( Raheja, 2015) . The phase's control measures involve recognizing that people learn differently and thus need to consider different learning styles. Most organizations are made up of people of different age groups characterized by dissimilar learning pace, abilities, and strategies. The stakeholders should consider the development of learning material that recognizes various types of learners and caters to their respective needs. Such will facilitate the success of the objectives of training needed. The training material developers should deliberate on learning modes and people depending on the subject matter. Modes of teaching and people's features such as a doer, feeler, observer, and thinker need to be reflected during training material development.
Phase 3: Design
In the development of training material, project trainers, coordinators, and curriculum developers need an outline based on training needs. Training design comprises learning outcomes, training materials, trainers and content experts, training methods, and logistics. Learning outcomes are central in designing of training course. It has to reflect on the need’s assessment and training methods. As such, control measures such as developing a work breakdown structure that encompasses the suitability of the training method concerning the desired outcome should be utilized. The design also contains training materials. Project planning should consider the materials that should be included in the training process. Nonetheless, the trainers and content experts should explore training material by deciding on personnel to facilitate the training process. Training methods should also be considered in the design phase since they play an essential role in achieving learning objectives ( Frow et al., 2015) . Lastly, the logistics regarding the training are covered in the designing stage. Decisions relating to where and when the training will take place are made. The primary control measures that the entire stage should observe are budgeting, forecasting, and project cost. The project planners need to consider the monetary valuation of different training design components such as materials, trainers, expert payments, and logistics.
Phase 4: Development
The development phase of training involves creating learning exercises, writing materials, and working with content trainers and experts. Development is a time-consuming phase since it is associated with revising drafted materials and involves decisions from pertinent stakeholders of the project before its training usage. In this phase, the training and expert stakeholders need to make sure that formulated training material matches with learning outcomes expected. The development of training material is based on the project background and descriptive information ( Vrancken et al.,2019) . The planners consider the target audience, resources supporting the content such as web links and tools and copyrights, and contact information. The material training phase involves directions on how the content can be delivered. Essential factors such as guidance on using principles based on adult teaching and specific tips on improving learning are vital in enhancing creativity and creating material training. Course planning forms and checklists relating learning should be well formulated to ease training and make it more objective. For the project planning team to understand whether they are on the right track, they must integrate evaluation tools or plans. The evaluation tools are used in assessing the progress and learning of participants—evaluation instruments measures on process, outcome, and impact. Evaluating the process helps in obtaining immediate feedback related to the workshop experience. The outcome helps evaluate participants' immediate changes in attitude, knowledge, and behavior upon exposure to training ( Vrancken et al., 2019) . The impact is concerned with long-term training outcomes. The stage also involves developing of presentation. The presentation development is normally an individual activity; however, it is essential that various parties involved in training adhere to common format and style. The trainers should consider guidelines such as beginning the presentation with greetings, personal introduction, and let participants know when they can ask questions or make comments during the training process. In this phase, the planners' control measures are feedback and reporting, obtained from relevant reviewers either from the company's external or internal stakeholders.
Phase 5: Delivery or Implementation
The delivery phase involves the merging of coordination, assessment, designing, and development phase. It consists of teaching the content, whereas the implementation comprises the utilization of training methods. The presenters of content need to carefully select the method and match each session's learning outcomes and purpose. The trainers and experts can utilize training methods such as lecture-forum, panel-form, debate, the presentation with listening teams or reaction panel, group discussion, and simulation ( Hazır, 2015) . The delivery stage requires the use of effective communication skills. The facilitator can enhance their communication skills by supporting a group of participants by developing trust. Such can be achieved through accepting ideas, beliefs, and attitudes of participants. The control measures in the process involve optimization of project strategies to allow for the achievement of better outcomes during the training process and in the future success of the project.
Conclusion
The realization of a project success requires considerably well-developed training material that can be used in presenting the firm's issues and matching with potential outcomes from participants. Training material creation comprises of five essential stages. The first stage is the coordination, which is associated with the decision regarding trainers, their roles, and logistics required. The second stage involves the assessment of the needs of the target participants. The primary consideration in this area are issues such as gaps in skills and knowledge of employees. The third stage is concerned with designing the training program. It comprises essential factors such as trainers and experts, logistics, and training methods, fundamental in the training process. The fourth stage involves the development of training materials. The phase is concerned with reviewing content before it is used. The final stage is the implementation of the training material. It involves the workforce's training using the content generated; however, the planners need to apply an effective training method to achieve the desired outcome.
References
Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A., & Storbacka, K. (2015). Managing co‐creation design: A strategic approach to innovation. British Journal of Management , 26 (3), 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12087
Hazır, Ö. (2015). A review of analytical models, approaches and decision support tools in project monitoring and control. International Journal of Project Management , 33 (4), 808-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.09.005
Raheja, K. (2015). Methods of training and development. Innovative Journal of Business and Management , 4 (02), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.15520/ijbm.vol4.iss2.17.pp35-41
Vrancken, C., Longhurst, P., & Wagland, S. (2019). Deep learning in material recovery: Development of method to create training database. Expert Systems with Applications , 125 , 268-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.01.077
