Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists approve there have been heating tendencies in the past century. Furthermore, human activities are blamed for climate change. Despite the debates around climate change on whether climate change is real or not, it is evident that the Earth’s climate has changed throughout history. However, in the last century, there has been severe cycles of glacial retreat, severe storms, and an increase in the magnitude of extreme events (Edenhofer et al., 2014). Many of the notable changes today linked with human civilization. Moreover, with industrialization, there has been an increment of greenhouse gasses that are responsible for global warming. Many of the greenhouse gasses are as a result of the by-product of the industrial process. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has given scientific evidence to prove global warming is unequivocal. Given that most of the current warming trend is a result of human-induced, Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances assembled by scientists in various stations around the world to collect different types of information about the planet and the climate at a global scale (Edenhofer et al., 2014). Over the years from data gathered, it has revealed the signals of a changing climate. Earth’s heats dependent on the energy equilibrium entering and leaving the planet's system. When inbound rays from the sun, the earth become warm, however, when the sun’s vigor is replicated back to the troposphere the earth’s surface becomes cold (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). Human actions noted as the primary cause of climate change there are also natural causes of climate change. Including the variation of the sun’s energy reaching the earth, the shifts in the reflectivity of the earth’s air and surface and the fluctuations in greenhouse outcome that determine the quantity of warmth reserved by Earth’s air. The noted causes of climate change have resulted in the Earth’s climate many times. Scientists over the years have pieced together all the Earth’s climate dating to thousands of years ago to analyze the related events of climate like tree rings, ice centers, glaciers dimensions, ocean sediments and pollen grains and also to study the changes in the Earth’s orbit. From the records, it shows climate system has varied widely. Before industrial revolution in the 1700s, climate change was explained based on the natural causes such as volcanic, eruption, solar energy and natural processes affecting GHG concentrations. However, recent times, the natural causes are not only the causes of climate change. Rather, there is a high likelihood that human deeds have dominantly been the reasons for the rapid warming especially since the mid-20 th. (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). Proof for climate changes compelling. First, the sea level is noted to have risen with about 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) over the last century. However, over the previous five decades, the global sea level rise has nearly doubled. Secondly, there are reports of global temperature rise. Scientists have gathered evidence over the years to show the Earth has warmed since 1885. However, most of the warming has occurred over the last half-century. In the year 2015, first recorded that the globe was 1 degree Celsius or more in comparison to the average temperature records of 1880-1899. Thirdly, evidence has proved the ocean to be warming. With the top 700 meters recorded to have higher heat above the normal average temperatures. This, in turn, has triggered fluctuations in the cycling of the ocean currents given the oceans are responsible for absorbing all the excess heat in the atmosphere. Fourth, there has been a reduction in the ice sheets, the retreat of the glaciers from the mountain tops. The retreat of the glaciers and thinning of the ice sheets are as a result of the increase in temperature that causes the ice to melt which upon reaching the ocean, they produce to an increment of the sea levels (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014). The fifth evidence is ocean acidification, the acidity of the oceans has been on the rise since the start of the industrial revolution, the acidity of the oceans increased as a result of waste dumped into the oceans. However, with the increment in the carbon dioxide produced by human activates means there is more carbon dioxide that needs to be absorbed by the oceans. Over the years the amount of carbon dioxide that has been absorbed by the upper layer of the oceans has increased significantly to about 2 billion tons per year (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014). With the increment in the carbon being absorbed by the oceans results to rise in the level of acidity in the oceans that may in turn result to some species going extinct as a consequence of the new environments. Lastly, due to the increment in the temperatures, there has been a high number of recorded extreme events in the world. The increase in the temperatures results to a lot of evaporation from the oceans which in turn stir cyclones and high winds. Climate change is notably already having a significant impact on the economies, communities, and ecosystems around the world. Rising temperatures enable some regions to experience excessive heat which in turn has allowed to the spread of desertification. Further, as a consequence of the increase in temperatures, severe storms are often recorded heat waves, especially in hot regions (Karl, 2009). One significant impact of climate change is on water resources; water is a critical resource when affected to a high scale. With the increase in temperature, meaning there are more evaporations on water losses which result to drying of some river sources. Additionally, with the increase in sea levels, the water sources along the coastline have been affected by the saline water from the oceans. With the intrusion of the saline water, it results to water scarcity in several regions. Several forest biomes have been affected as a consequence of the increase in temperature. With the changes in temperature and rainfall, various species are affected, and with those who cannot withstand the heat, they are forced into extinction (Wilby, Dawson, & Barrow, 2002). Furthermore, with the forest cover reduction, more wildlife in the woods are retreating to the innermost parts of the forests. Another global evidence of climate change witnessed in the meltdown of the glaciers which not only results to rise in sea levels but also, there are flooding reported along the coast. The world principal climate scientists have advised the government for them to be able to prevent the dangerous levels of global warming, the government needs to set aside climate funds to deal with the crises. Every country is already feeling the effects of climate change either directly or indirectly (Wilby, Dawson, & Barrow, 2002). The agricultural sector which is a crucial area for the survival of humans is affected directly by the very changing patterns in the climate system. Furthermore, numerous diseases are reported to be on the rise, which was not present in the last decades. Moreover, not only is the agriculture sector and the area of health that is affected immensely as even the infrastructure is affected significantly by the unpredictable weather changes. Therefore, for the different world government to be able to conquer the impacts of climate change, sustainable practices need to implement and various mitigation measures employed (Wilby, Dawson, & Barrow, 2002). Nevertheless, despite the mitigation measures used, it is impossible to stop the accelerating effects of climate change. Thus, adaptation options may be the only mechanism to ensure there is a smooth transition of different species on the different weather phenomenon.
Conclusions
In summary, climate change is real, with the compelling evidence that is presented by different climate scientist, it is clear climate change is real. The cause of climate change is noted to be both natural and also human induced. However, the accelerated causes of climate change have been blamed on the excessive social activities since the industrial revolution results support the increments in the greenhouse gasses that are responsible for the global warming. Nevertheless, there is already the effect of climate change that is already felt in different regions. Thus various governments are advised by climate scientist to set side climate funds that will be used later in case of climate change disasters.
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References
Edenhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Seyboth, K., Matschoss, P., Kadner, S., ... & von Stechow, C. (2011). IPCC special report on renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK .
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2015). Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change (Vol. 3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2014). Climate Change 2014–Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Regional Aspects . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Karl, T. R. (Ed.). (2009). Global climate change impacts in the United States . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wilby, R. L., Dawson, C. W., & Barrow, E. M. (2002). SDSM—a decision support tool for the assessment of regional climate change impacts. Environmental Modelling & Software , 17 (2), 145-157.
