Lake-effect snow is formed when cold air moves and passes above a lake's warmer waters. The movement makes lake water vaporize as warm air. Successively, the moisture moves to the dry land and cools to form snow. Upon cooling, the cold air landfills its vapor on the ground and possibly forms snow. As a result, the lake-effect snow becomes storms. Usually, areas near big experiences incredible snowstorms (Fujisaki-Manome et al., 2020). The lake-effect snow typically occurs during the winter season. In a nutshell, snow is formed when the cold wind from the windward side meets warm air from the leeward side. The amount of snowfall primarily depends on the volume of warm air from dry land and cold air from the windward side. Warm air from the dry land raises temperatures of cold air from the lake and evaporates to form snow on the upper side (Fujisaki-Manome et al., 2020). On the other hand, the cold air from the lakeside lows temperatures of warm air from the leeward side. If the air from both sides is proportional, less snowfall will be formed, meaning the lake-effect snow will reduce. However, if a large amount of cold air meets warm air, snowfall will increase because the temperature will be low. The lake-effect snow in Buffalo, New York, happened in the morning. The temperature had fallen, and suddenly strong windstorms start to blow across the neighboring Lake Erie. The region's temperatures incredibly fell even though it was October. The windstorm was named "October Surprise" because it caught the Buffalo region unaware (Fujisaki-Manome et al., 2020). A large of snow of approximately 27 inches fell within a short period. Snow formation was due to the lake-effect snow from Lake Erie. As a result, snow destroyed trees and electricity lines and blocked roads.
References
Fujisaki-Manome, A., Mann, G. E., Anderson, E. J., Chu, P. Y., Fitzpatrick, L. E., Benjamin, S. G., ... & Wright, D. M. (2020). Improvements to Lake-Effect Snow Forecasts Using a One-Way Air–Lake Model Coupling Approach. Journal of Hydrometeorology , 21 (12), 2813-2828.
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