Every day people will often try and make sense of their surroundings. Some of the specific processes described by cognitive psychology include perception, learning, attention, language, reasoning, problem solving, and thinking. Through this processes, humans become in a position to analyze, perceive and expound on their experiences, provide solutions to problems and ascertain particular actions. In most cases, cognitive psychology is featured in the mainstream media via newspapers, television and magazines. It entails a number of topics for instance metacognition, short-term memory, synesthesia, cognitive dissonance, dementia, habituation, confirmation bias, false memory, artificial intelligence, and repressed memory. The topics are of fundamental importance on our interpretation capability and as such influences how we can bring judgment in different situations. Cognitive phycology is of great importance especially due to wide range of real-world applications. Majority of people have fallen prey of the different concepts and topics under this study.
The Framework of Artificial Intelligence and Its Relationship with Cognitive Psychology
Artificial intelligence is a conceptual foundation on how a routine can be put into effect to synthesize information and act in a way that is termed intelligent. Artificial intelligence from the assessment of cognitive psychology offers a method for creating and analyzing computer patterns of human cognitive practices (Lieto, Bhatt, Oltramari, & Vermon, 2017). This perspective is essential as far as theory advancement and modification is concerned. Ideas suggested in cybernetics, advancements in psychology regarding studying of internal cognitive processes, and the advancement of the computer were significant originators for the field of artificial intelligence.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Cybernetics which is a critical aspect of artificial intelligence is a subject of study that centers on the matter of reply for artificial and natural arrangements. The central impression inherent in the system could alter its behavior depending on the reply resulting from the system or the environment (Lieto et al., 2017). Information, and to be specific feedback, is critical for a system to come up with intelligent decisions.
The technology of artificial intelligence today is used in computer simulations. They become instrumental when developing programs that are cognizant of the limitations that men have to do several cognitive tasks and responsibilities and integrate these restraints into a program. For instance, humans can only consider or think of limited amount of information at any particular time. This strategy takes into consideration how human information processing is influenced by several mechanisms like human processing, keeping, and retrieving information (Lieto et al., 2017). Computer simulations are subject to the way the program synthesizes processes that can vary from one process to a system of the mind.
Artificial intelligence bank the notion that computing machines can be depended on for some element of intelligence. In fact, the whole issue is in whether computers can have a thinking capacity or patterns that match that humans. Another angle of the critics argue whether the use of artificial intelligence can help in discovering human cognition through the creation of computer systems and models (Lieto et al., 2017). This strategy helps in verifying the feasibility and comprehensiveness of the concept from a computational perspective. Other experts believe that it is a possibility to create a machine that can influence symbols to carry out several tasks that humans can undertake. Some would attribute thought or intelligence to such a technology based on its potential to manipulate symbols. There are some critics continue to oppose the likelihood of such a program to be intelligent or think like humans.
The methods to the cognitive structure, the integral limitations that stipulate the potentials, mechanisms, and structures incorporated in cognition are key in understanding the relationship between cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. The application of cognitive architecture can be examined by considering the hardware of a computer. Such a hardware can run several programs but its makeup poses restrains on how things are done. In the composition of artificial intelligence of these technologies such as computers, the utilization of symbols or internal portrayals, mental occurrences, which represent or symbolize items or situations in the environment are dominant. These internal portrayals can be altered, utilized in computers, and converted into meaningful forms (Lieto et al., 2017). Essentially, such a process entails serial processing of symbols, which are instances of architectures of cognition that has the intention to influence or cause all cognition.
The cognitive psychology that is inherent in the computer systems or technologies that utilized artificial intelligence have to receive some key lessons to maximize them. The student must master some areas of knowledge so that the programs that are created from the basis of these artificial intelligence are handled with ease. Technologies that utilize artificial intelligence attempts to bank on one’s expertise. The implication is that the program facilitated by the technologies must operate like expert in that specific area of the developer. The utilization of the artificial intelligence captures the cognitive ability that captures the knowledge of an expert.
Cognitive Psychology and Habituation – The “Get Used to It” Concept
Habituation is a psychological process that people use to learn in which there is a reduction in response to a stimulus which has been showed to it recurrently. This idea indicates that an animal or a human being may adopt a tendency to disregard a stimulus since it has a recurrent exposure to it. For example, when an individual enters a room, the people present may be sidetracked because of the noisy sound that has emanated from an old air conditioning unit. However, if much time is spent inside the house, we get used to it and assume the irritating sound even though it is still there (Kappes & Morewedge, 2016) . This circumstance is as a result of habituation. It does not need the animal or individual to be conscious of this process, it may happen naturally or not deliberately through the cognitive processes inside the animal or person.
Habituation is basically a foundational procedure of biological systems. Void of it, someone may not have the cognitive ability to recognize the meaningful and dynamic information from dull and unrelated ones. Habituation in an animal is influenced by the several factors. This includes the amount of time that exists between the initial stagings of the organism to the next staging referred to as inter-stimulus level (Kappes & Morewedge, 2016) . It also features the duration of time in which the stimulus is provided referred to as stimulus duration. For example, if there are two stimuli” A and B, the stimulus duration taken of A is 10 seconds, whereas B takes 20 seconds. The idea of habituation explains that the lengthier the organism is open to the stimulus, the more habituation happens. Thus, the comparison between the stimulus duration of A and B reveals that habituation occurs in a faster manner in B than A since the organism is open to it. It can be concluded that the organism adapted to B in a faster way than A, and habit may be created when B is present than A.
Cognitive development occurs when an organism undergoes the process of habituation. The reduction in how the organism responds depends very strongly on the type of stimulus with which the habit is cultivated (Kappes & Morewedge, 2016) . For instance, an individual that has been habituated to a way in which a chocolate flavored ice cream tastes, his or her extent of response to vanilla flavored ice cream will substantially go up since the cognitive process has not registered or created such a habit yet.
Habituation process is a significant aspect as humans in this contemporary times. In fact, it possesses a scientific role as far as examining or analysis of cognitive phenomena in animals and humans is concerned (Kappes & Morewedge, 2016) . For example, a child may be concentrating on a visual stimulus that has been offered to him for 60 seconds. After that habituation to such a stimulus, the observer will establish the time that the child takes in observing or acclimatizing with the new stimulus. Subsequently, the observer will make a comparison of the outcomes to locate any similarity between the two stimuli provided.
Habituation in simple terms would entail an individual ignoring the stimulus which has been exposed to him several times. For example, after one wears pants, he will not take notice of the clothing stimulus as he continues to undertake his daily duties. It is because the stimulus of the pants has already vanished probably because of neural adaptation in the sensory nerves. If the individual is habituated to wear the pants went taking his round outside, but unexpectedly wears a skirt, his level of response to the adjustment in clothing stimulus is heightened. The cognitive impression is that people become shy or not themselves and often are worried whether they appear presentable on such clothing. Otherwise, after many house, they get used to it and takes their focus away from the things. Therefore, habituation becomes an aspect of cognitive psychology that allows quick and positive response to situations or stimuli among individuals.
Short-term Memory and Cognitive Psychology
Short-term memory is similar to what we recognize at a specific moment, and that entails the details of the conscious experience. It is a minute portion of the mind since it is not in a position to hold sufficient information at any given moment. For instance, a majority of individuals can in consistently repeat six letters or digits but only a few can re-narrate more than seven. When it comes to storytelling, if you run into pal in the student cafeteria and have a quick chat, most you are not going to be well placed to recall precisely what you people conversed if you repeat to your parents the same evening (Risko & Dunn, 2015). A person with a loss of short-term memory and had an intact long-term memory may realize that they are in a position to remember the names of people and anyone they knew prior. Also, they can recognize that they can still recall how to play the piano and the institution they did attend but, unfortunately, they cannot be able to remember the exact event they were doing or are supposed to be performing.
A keynote personality, Clive Wearing, was an exceedingly respected English choral director and musician. He did contract viral encephalitis and lost his capability to develop new memories. In the most recent, Clive Wearing was only living utmost of 3 minutes of his life and that caused impairment and distress upon his livelihood (Risko & Dunn, 2015) . This is the perfect case that highlights the place and significance of memory in a person’s life. The media and the general may seem to be absorbed by the short-term memory concept and the extent it can cause to the life of an individual.
Another example of short-term memory feature on media is that on animals. Several animals including your pet possess devastating short-term memory. Pets especially dogs forget events in fewer than two minutes after it took place. The next time the dog welcomes an old, there is a high possibility it cannot recall the last time they met. Recent research published on behavioral processes hints that animals do not recall specific events at all. They most of time store away crucial information based on what can help them earn a survival.
Movies, for instance, Memento and 50 First Dates, in which one is a dramatic thriller, and the other a romantic comedy, depict how short-term memory loss can distort the life of an individual. In the 50 First Dates, some extent of humor is added just to indicate the curiosity of an individual that is not in a position to develop fresh memories (Risko & Dunn, 2015) . Memento, on the other hand, the primary character is subjected to manipulation by the people because he is not in a position to recall and as such, not capable of passing better character judgment.
Quite often, the majority of persons take for granted the capability to form new memories, but after one learns on its significance and the detrimental psychological and cognitive impairment it can result, it is no possible to take for granted the daily memories one is capable of retaining and recalling. Memory is a crucial element of cognitive psychology and dictates one’s ability to recall information for a longer duration than you have heard them. The brain works super hard to retain and understand the information that was read or noted in the environment.
In conclusion, it can be censoriously summarized that the study of cognitive phycology is of critical importance in making sense of the environment around us. Media platforms such as newspapers, magazines and television play a crucial role in recording and presenting a view of the issues that touch on cognitive phycology. Short-term memory is a menace that can distort the memory span of an individual and thus cause a lot of psychological malfunctions.
References
Kappes, H. B., & Morewedge, C. K. (2016). Mental simulation as substitute for experience. Social and Personality Psychology Compass .
Lieto, A., Bhatt, M., Oltramari, A., & Vernon, D. (2017). The role of cognitive architectures in general artificial intelligence.
Risko, E. F., & Dunn, T. L. (2015). Storing information in-the-world: Metacognition and cognitive offloading in a short-term memory task. Consciousness and cognition , 36 , 61- 74.
