Practitioners that engage in action research eventually find it to be an empowering experience and one that comes with positive effects. However, the developmental stages of the process prove quite challenging to some. The primary step to selecting the focus of research is identification of the research questions that will guide the entire research (Silverman, 2013). Learners or students rather, find this particularly challenging because there is so much to choose from a wide scope of study. In the end students, make up mixed up questions that fail to correspond to a particular thesis (Silverman, 2013). It is thus difficult to scale down the research questions because of the wide scope of study that makes it hard for one to settle on a particular focus or area rather of the study.
Permission to conduct research on sites
Researchers need cooperation in order to carry out solid, conclusive and ethical studies. Cooperation from the participants of the research is a key part of the ethical study because it ensures that the whole process has an ethical consent to relay information pertaining the research to the possible subjects (Shinnick, 2011). The participants can thus choose to either cooperate with the researchers by volunteering to take part in the study or share data.
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It usually involves acquisition of access to people or data and in research, this could mean soliciting the cooperation from various individuals, organizations, associations and agencies of the government before the researcher obtains permission from human subjects. The approvals and permissions prove helpful in communicating and verifying cooperation between the researcher and the organization (Shinnick, 2011). However, researchers need to understand that the process of obtaining necessary permissions to carry out a study is time consuming and it is imperative for the researcher to appreciate that organizations are hardly required to grant them access to either their members or data. Moreover, organizational changes could take place and prior permissions could be rescinded if a new administrator or leader affirms that the organization will no longer cooperate with that study or a given researcher.
Pre-test and Post-test in Action Research
The primary premise behind the pre-test and post-test designs entail obtaining a measure of the pre-test of an outcome of interest before administering a give treatment, followed by a post-test on that given measure after the occurrence of the treatment. The pre-test and post-test designs are both employed in the experimental and quasi-experimental research and can be employed with or without the groups of control. For instance, the quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test designs may either be inclusive or exclusive of control groups (Shinnick, 2011). It is also seen that despite the pre-test and post-test design versatility have limitations that include threats to internal validity. Indeed such threats pose particular concern for the quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test designs; the experimental pre-test and post-test designs contain threats to the internal validity.
Statistical analysis determines the effect of an intervention and whether or not it was significant. One key and common example of such a test is in medicine where one group is appreciated in medicine and the other is given none allowing the researchers to determine whether a drug works or not. However, the design can prove to be quite complex (Shinnick, 2011). Pre-tests give researchers a preview of what to expect during the study and act as the first exposure to key terms and concepts relative to more exposure the researcher obtains in the process. The post-tests do well to affirm the position of a researcher relative to their thesis or research design questions into the study.
References
Shinnick, M. A., Woo, M., Horwich, T. B., & Steadman, R. (2011). Debriefing: The most important component in simulation?. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 7(3), e105-e111.
Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook SAGE Publications Limited.
