How to Collect Data for a Needs Assessment

Introduction 

A needs assessment is a systematic process for evaluating and potentially solving needs. Its essence is to bridge the gap between the prevailing conditions and the preferred state. Methods for conducting a needs assessment are, among others, interviews, observation, and use of historical data. 

Interviews 

An interview involves a one on one conversation between a person collecting data and the person giving data. It is useful in uncovering detail because it gives the interviewer the chance to ask for clarification and receive an in-depth explanation. It also allows the interviewer to read non-verbal cues, know when the interviewee may be lying or uncomfortable with specific questions (Benge & Warner 2019). On the other hand, interviews can be time-consuming and may be challenging to analyze. 

Observation 

Observation is a method where the collector of data watches and makes notes. Its advantages are that it consumes less time, and it is cost-effective. Observation can be counted on to give relevant and unbiased data, unlike interviews where the interviewee can distort data. The major disadvantage of observation is that it requires a skilled observer for the job, and such people are rare (Benge & Warner 2019). 

Use of Historical Data 

Using data that already exists eliminates the first part of the process; a collection of data. It eases the work because it gives information regarding the assessment. A previous needs assessment would, with a bit of improvement, serve as the current need assessment (Benge & Warner 2019). This method, however, is prone to giving inaccurate data. In the example above, the previous assessment may not accurately reflect the needs of the current situation. 

Conclusion 

Each method has its pros and cons. Assessors are advised to use the most convenient methods. Still, it is essential to use them simultaneously where possible and use one to counter-check the other’s findings to ensure accurate data is collected. 

Reference 

Benge, M., Harder, A., & Warner, L. (2019). [WC340] Conducting the Needs Assessment# 1: 

Introduction. EDIS, 2019(5), 4-4. Retrieved from: https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/114919