The process of studying ailments in the human population, health and disease determinants and distribution patterns are observed as epidemiological methods. Distribution is the pattern in which infections occur in a subgroup or a society while the determinants are factors that bring change in health ( Szollosi, Mathias, Lucero, Ahmad & Donato, 2020) . These epidemiological methods apply in various studies which draw scientific inquiries to determine individual exposure to infections to help in decreasing or eradicating vaccine-preventable diseases cases to meet the objectives of Healthy people 2020.
The epidemiological approaches improve surveillance of the diseases also helps to reach the Healthy People 2020 objectives regarding access to vaccines for young children in the childhood immunization program to avoid conditions such as polio, hepatitis B, and diphtheria-tetanus acellular pertussis. More so access to vaccine services can also take place in specialized programs, where both children and adults may participate in supplemental programs that involve annual vaccines against seasonal influenza ( Szollosi et al., 2020) . These interventions and resources are evidence-based, including consumer information which is available at any time to facilitate control and disease prevention. For instance, in reducing the prevalence of mumps in the United States, routine vaccination was introduced wherein two doses of MMR immunization in children of 12months to 6 years of age targeting to reduce the rate of infections to less than 500 cases annually people by 2020.
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Further research can highlight the distribution of the pattern of infectious disease in the population to determine the accessibility frequency to immunization. Access to comprehensive quality immunization services requires evidence-based practice to determine the underserved groups and vulnerable population to ensure they are given prioritized immunization coverage to prevent the infectious disease and also reduce immortality rate. The epidemiological methods facilitate the understanding the coverage levels, timeliness, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, sex, disability status, sexual orientation, and residential location contributing significantly to the nature of care individual receive.
References
HealthyPeople 2020. (2014). Immunization and Infectious Diseases | HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases
Szollosi, D. E., Mathias, C. B., Lucero, V., Ahmad, S., & Donato, J. (2020). Immunopathogenesis, Immunization, and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. In Pharmacology of Immunotherapeutic Drugs (pp. 277-319). Springer, Cham.
