Descartes’ argument about our common sense beliefs and his main weakness.
According to Descartes in his meditations on the first philosophy in 1614, an evil demon of "utmost power and cunning has adopted all his efforts as a way of deceiving him; he imagined the evil demon to present a complete illusion of the outside to the extent that Descartes declares that “I shall think of the sky, the earth, color, the air, sound, shapes, and all available things are delusions of dreams which has devised to ensnare my judgment." He further concluded that "it be impossible for us ever to have any reason for doubting what we are convinced of" creates an extraordinarily high standard of justification (Descartes 1984) . From this perspective, Descartes tries to explain how our senses are determinants of our knowledge and beliefs. He also suggests that rational illumination enables him to see entirely clear with his mind's eyes. That understanding of the nature of realism develops from ideas of intelligence and not external senses. Everyone readily accepts the primary notions presupposed for the demonstration of geometrical truths since they accord with the utilization of our senses.
Descartes was aware that having a mind and thinking thoughts, he must be something with the thinking ability, although he did not prove himself as a thinking thing. He did not formulate the right and valid philosophical claims and arguments (Descartes 1984) . People can perceive and reason that his argument for faith about non-deceiving God exists was a circular argument.
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Locke’s account of secondary qualities and the purpose for developing.
According to Locke, secondary qualities are the only powers the object has to cause us to have ideas of texture, sound, taste, and color; they do not exist within the object. He says that the secondary qualities are dependent on perception (Nolan 2011) . The material things causally interact with each other, meaning that they can be affected or affect other things in particular manners. The power of the content object causes perception and sensation. Ideas are produced in our minds by the secondary qualities that do not look like the corresponding qualities that made the ideas in mind (Nolan 2011) . Locke argues that the secondary qualities are qualities in mind and not in the material objects. He says that they are the powers to produce various ideas and sensations in us.
Stephen jay Gould view about religion and conflict.
Stephen Jay Gould's view of religion and science is relatively sensible with his cardinal claim that the two enterprises, rightly understood, are compatible (Gould 1992) . He suggests that both fields leave plenty of elbow room for each other, with the science having its subject the material world and the religion with moral discourse (Gould 1992) . Since science and religion have different points of view and different assumptions, they cannot dialogue with one another, so there is no conflict. A good reason why the two can exist in harmony with no fundamental strife is due to the fact that science deals with the facts while religion will deal with values.
The two fields have different focus point with religion focusing on morals and science dealing with facts which makes hard for them to have a dialogue or conflict. The religious part concentrates on improving the moral values of an individual, which are considered morally upright or ethically accepted. In contrast, the scientific part is related to scientific facts that improve individuals' lives in society.
References
Descartes, R. (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: Volume 2 (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.
Nolan, L. (Ed.). (2011). Primary and secondary qualities: The historical and ongoing debate . Oxford University Press.
Gould, S. J. (1992). Impeaching a self-appointed judge.
