International environmental laws aims at protecting the environment from pollution. The types of pollution vary from water, air, noise, and soil pollution. One example of a law protecting marine life is the United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ( Dunford et al., 2019) . The purpose of establishing the Oil Pollution act of 1990 in the United States was to strengthen the EPA. The function of the Act was to prevent and provide solutions to fatal oil spills in the water bodies. Some of the requirements of the OPA are that all facilities for storing oil should submit federal government plans describing their response in case of water catastrophes in the water bodies ( Hartmann, 2018 ). The Act allows all vessels to comply with the requirement of all tanks to have double-hull tankers. The law includes provisions and liability as well as a supplemental fund to cater for losses. The Arctic Water Pollution Act of Canada of the year 1970 controls the dumping of wastes from water vessels, transported across the Alaska territory. The Act also prohibits the dumping of hazardous waste products from the land sources. The Act is effective in the country of Canada and the surrounding regions ( Bourdages et al., 2020). Through the implementation of the Act, significant changes are evident in the regions marking less water pollution. The enforcement of the Act by the government of Canada also regulates shipping activities in the region. The signing of the United Framework convention, on climatic change treaty in the year 1992, was to protect greenhouse gas from pollution. The treaty, however, does not control greenhouse gas emissions for particular countries (Maamoun, 2019). The law provides a framework for acting as a foundation for other independent treaties. The incorporation of the Kyoto Protocol in the year 1997 set some legally binding rules for countries to minimize their emissions of greenhouse gases. Enforcement of the law by countries protects the air from pollution as well as the ozone layer. The contribution made by the Kyoto protocol treaty in conserving the air and protecting the atmosphere is significant and hence, cannot be ignored.
References
Bourdages, M. P., Provencher, J. F., Sudlovenick, E., Ferguson, S. H., Young, B. G., Pelletier, N., ... & Vermaire, J. C. (2020). No plastics detected in seal (Phocidae) stomachs harvested in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Marine Pollution Bulletin , 150 , 110772.
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Dunford, R. W., Gmur, S., Lynes, M. K., Challenger, G. E., & Dunford, M. A. (2019). Natural resource damages from oil spills in the United States. Environmental Claims Journal , 31 (2), 176-190.
Hartmann, M. (2018). Case Brief: First Circuit Clarifies Public Vessel Status Under the Oil Pollution Act.
Maamoun, N. (2019). The Kyoto protocol: Empirical evidence of a hidden success. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , 95 , 227-256.
