In a research study in Europe where the sample was done in a unique manner, to seek help for the population that is at high risk of getting psychosis disorder, there was a transition of 14% into psychosis within 12 months and a further 19% after one and a half years. However, the rate of prediction is nevertheless unsatisfactory. Therefore there is a need for an improvement in assessing the risk. In neurology as well as oncology, there is a risk modeling procedure that is widespread and well established; involves PI system for clinical staging that is widely varied. With the sample used, the risk of psychosis increased in the prediction of the disorder. The proposed risk assessment involved two steps. The criteria of cognitive disturbance were the initial step, followed by the prognostic index. The former was assessing the general risk while the latter focused on the classification of further risk for every patient. This strategy aimed at exercising preventive measures by the clinicians. In this prediction study, the early detections concept of patients seeking help focuses on the criteria of ultra-high-risk (UHR) as well as the approach of the basic symptom. Recent studies show that UHR criteria are likely to cover a wider individual risk variance in both time and magnitude.
In another research, a longitudinal evaluation was conducted in adolescents suffering from deletion syndrome to identify early risk factors for psychotic disorders development. In this study it was concluded that; cognitive psychiatric and genetic risk k factors for psychotic disorder evolution in deletion syndrome were indemnified during adolescence. The risk of children developing psychotic disorders may be reduced through early intervention. The deletion syndrome also referred to as velocardiofacial syndrome; is among the widely spread disorders in human beings. It is found to occur in 1:5000 live births (Nelson, 2009). According to research, chromosomal micro deletion causes congenital malformations as well, as cognitive deficits. From the early years of childhood, there is a recognizable increased rate of abnormal behavior as well as a psychiatric disorder in patients with deletion syndrome. On the other hand, disorders related to schizophrenia; begin to show up in early adulthood or late adolescence. Adolescents, as well as children suffering from deletion syndrome, have a frequency of psychiatric disorders that are non-psychotic.
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Some unusual neuropsychiatric symptoms that begin to show early could be a sign for psychosis development in the coming years. Cross-sectional studies of deletion syndrome among children reveal that 25% to 50% of individual affected demonstrate symptoms as well as signs of psychosis (Feinstein 2006). From the research conducted, children suffering from deletion syndrome are likely to exhibit psychiatric symptoms that are more severe than children suffering from idiopathic developmental disability during their adolescence. The average age where symptoms of psychotic disorders will begin to show vary among different studies ranging between 11 and 26 years. From another perspective, based on the longitudinal study, the psychotic disorder evolution in deletion syndrome is a process which is considered to be gradual as well as protracted manifested in the early years of life, by subclinical symptoms of psychosis as well as an initial vision for early symptoms and early disorders.
Another study on the prevalence and clinical significance of attenuated psychosis syndrome indicate that hallucinations and delusions were frequently observed, there was a rare observation of disorganized attenuated speech. Therefore frequency and distress criteria have a primary connection with attenuated delusion as well as hallucinations. Attenuated psychosis syndrome is dominated by attenuated hallucinations as well as attenuated delusions. On the contrary, in attenuated psychosis; there was a powerful attenuated delusion as well as presence of disorganized speech. With a prevalence rate of a lifetime about 13% attenuated psychosis syndrome are dominant in this research sample (Nelson, 2009). The occurrences of APS were found to be rare as the leading cause of behavioral impact. Therefore, the threshold of the frequency has an essential role to play in clinical significance as well as the prevalence of APS.
In conclusion, attenuated delusions have a regular contribution towards revised attenuated psychosis syndrome. However, it is contradictory to a finding which shows that among adolescents of 11 to 15 years the frequently reported symptom was a hallucination. The hallucination prevalence seems to be reducing in older adolescents. Despite the fact that attenuated psychotic syndrome revised and attenuated psychotic syndrome were psychological functioning related in the recent past as well as non-psychotic mental disorder moderately and minimum effect demonstrate their significance, clinically beyond their impact.
References
Feinstein C, Eliez S, Blasey C, Reiss AL (2002): Psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children with velocardiofacial syndrome : usefulness as phenotypic indicators of schizophrenia risk.
Nelson B, Yung AR. (2009) Psychotic-like experiences as over determined phenomena : when do they increase risk for psychotic disorder?
