Sigmund Freud is known for viewing religion as a reason behind the rupture of the relationship he had with Jung. Jung viewed analytical psychology emphasizes on the idea of deriving meaning through the joint unconscious. In addition to the objective conscious provision of an individual’s psychology, Jung believed that there is another aspect of the psyche of which an individual is not aware. He identified this realm as the unconscious, consequently supporting the principle of opposites, using the claim that life constitutes complicated inexorable opposites such as birth and death (Ewen, 2014). On the other hand, Adler’s belief in regards to the concept of individual psychology relates to the uniqueness as well as the indivisibility of the personality of people (Ewen, 2014). In this regard, Adler believes that the motivations of individuals depend on their quest for power and superiority, which compensate their feeling of inferiority. Horney’s theory suggests that the social and cultural conditions, primarily during an individual’s childhood have a strong effect on the person’s personality (Ewen, 2014).
The fundamental construct of Adler’s theory is based on the assumption that individuals are unique beings, and their personality structure find expression in their lifestyle, which is a product of their creativity (Ewen, 2014). However, Adler considers that it is not possible for an individual to cannot be considered as not one of the components of the society based on the idea that issues of general human relations, his or her occupation, and the love that he or she has are social issues. Jung’s theory suggests that in psychology, a complex is a fundamental group of unknown associations and different beliefs that create a splinter identity (Fadiman & Frager, 2002). The unconscious impulse lies behind the condition of an individual.
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The concept of the unconscious is dependent on the idea that an individual is of unknown feelings and beliefs that cannot be detected directly, but through their behavior. On the other hand, Horney agreed with Freud in relation to the idea that it is necessary for an individual to go through childhood traumas. However, her insistence on the concept of social factors suggest that children that do not receive genuine attention might be threatened, which is a provision that can influence them to adopt rigid behaviors to obtain love from other people.
Jung’s theory focuses on the idea that the experience of listening as well as seeking guidance by the self corresponds to an individual’s spiritual experience. This belief has nothing to do with an individual’s specific creed or his or her membership in church. Instead, the basis of Jung’s understanding is that an individual has to go beyond his or her day-to-day experience to be in a relationship with him or herself, which is sometimes experience in awe (Fadiman & Frager, 2002). On the other hand, Horney’s thought is important at each stage. In this case, Horney provides explanations of the behavior of individuals in terms of the available constellations of defenses as well as inner conflicts that cannot be found in another place. Her account of the human psychology provides the basis of behavior in terms of the fundamental defenses of animals, which focus on the aspects of fight, flight, as well as submission. For Adler, the human being’s search for glory can be considered as a comprehensive phenomenon ingrained in individuals (Fadiman & Frager, 2002). Her belief rests on the fact that individuals should be provided with sexual freedom.
References
Ewen, R. B. (2014). An Introduction to Theories of Personality. Psychology Press.
Fadiman, J., & Frager, R. (2002). Personality and personal growth . Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall.
