Living Things
Nutrition is the process by which living things acquire raw materials from their environment, assimilate them to produce energy. An example is herbivores consume vegetation. Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to breakdown food substances for energy production. In plants, oxygen is released while CO2 is consumed (Science Learning Hub, 2020). Excretion is the process of eliminating waste materials from living organisms. Humans, for example, excrete urea and co2 from the body. Growth and development is the other feature found in all living things (Science Learning Hub, 2020).
Growth refers to the change in size, while development is change in the complexity and structure of organisms. Both processes are irreversible. An example of growth is where humans enlarge in size, such as height. Development, on the other hand, is where humans go through sexual development in puberty. Irritability is the ability of animals to respond to stimuli in the environment, such as touching. An example is when some plants when touched, and close their leaves ( Kurtz, K. (2017) . Reproduction is the ability to produce viable offspring. An example is when humans give birth. Movement is whereby living things change their parts /or whole-body position from one location to another. An example is when humans locomote.
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The unifying themes of biology integrate how living organisms integrate on a cellular level in order to survive. The first theme is the structure and function of cells. All organisms contain at least one cell, which is the functional unit of life. These contain genetic material contained in the cytoplasm and protected by a coating from the external environment. Secondly, the interaction of an organism is the second theme. It explains those organisms need to interact with each other for food etc. to survive. Homeostasis comes in third. It explains that organisms need to live within a certain frame of balance within their bodies. Fourthly is reproduction and genetics. This theory explains that all organisms are composed of genetic matter, and need to reproduce offspring to survive. Finally, evolution and natural selection as the last theme outline the adaptation of different organisms to survive. If they don’t, natural selection indicates that the strongest organism survives, while the rest perish.
Water is a polar inorganic compound that is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one molecule of oxygen, confined by a hydrogen bond. Due to its structure, it is also a universal solvent and can dissolve most ions. It has a neutral PH of 7. It is also amphoteric.
DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA is the ribonucleic acid (Fowler, 2017).The two are nucleic acids. DNA and RNA are both made up of base pairs, with DNA possessing adenine guanine, thymine, and cytosine. In RNA, they are similar to DNA with thymine being replaced by uracil. DNA is also found primarily in the nucleus, while RNA is found in the nucleolus and can move around to the specialized regions of the cytoplasm depending on the type formed. Function-wise, DNA stores genetic info in the nucleus, while RNA converts the DNA material into a format that can be used to code for proteins in the ribosomes. DNA is a double helix, while RNA is a single helix strand (Simon et al., 2012). The helix in DNA comprises a nucleotide, which each contains a nitrogen base, five-carbon sugar molecules, and a phosphate. RNA also constitute of nucleotides and there are three including Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
References
Fowler, S. A. M. A. N. T. H. A. R. O. U. S. H. R. E. B. E. C. C. A. W. I. S. E. J. A. M. E. S.
(2017). CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGY . Place of publication not identified: 12TH MEDIA SERVICES.
Kurtz, K. (2017). Living things and nonliving things: A compare and contrast Book .
Science Learning Hub. (2020). Characteristics of living things . [online] Available at: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/14-characteristics-of-living-things [Accessed 18 Jan. 2020].
Simon, E. J., Dickey, J. L., & Reece, J. B. (2012). Masteringbiology with Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Campbell Essential Biology (with Physiology Chapters) . San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
